A不定式.docVIP

A 不定式 一、不定式的形式与基本特征 动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语，但它仍保持动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语、表语和状语。不定式可以在句子中作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语和插入语。 1、不定式的构成（以动词do为例） 主动形式被动形式一般式to doto be done完成式to have doneto have been done进行式to be doing无完成进行式to have been doing无She stopped to have a rest. The building to be finished next month is for our teachers. Some students pretended to be reading English when the teacher came in. 2、不定式的否定式not to do He hurried there in order not to miss the bus. 3、不定式的复合结构for sb. to do sth. It is necessary for me to learn English well. 4、连接代（副）词+不定式 No one can tell me where to find John. When to hold the exam is still unknown. 二、不定式的句法功能 动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语和插入语。 1、作主语： 不定式短语作主语时，可以直接放在句首，但在很多情况下，尤其是在疑问句和感叹句中，往往放在谓语之后，而用先行代词it作形式主语。 To learn English well is not too difficult . How long did it take you to take roller coaster? 2、作表语： Our most important task now is to make a plan. 3、作宾语： a) 可以直接用不定式作宾语的动词很多，常见的有：agree, afford, tend, ask, decide, determine, expect, fail, hope, learn, intend, manage, offer, plan, promise, refuse, want, wish等. I don’t want to sound like I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair. b) 当不定式短语比宾语长时，往往将不定式放在宾补后，而用先行代词it作形式宾语，常用动词有feel, think, find, believe, consider, make等。 The cat felt it terrible to take roller coaster. c) 动词不定式作动词tell, show, understand, explain, teach, learn, advise, discuss, know等动词的宾语时，前面常带疑问词。 He showed us how to do the work. I don’t know whether to stay or not. 4、宾语补足语： a) 通常作宾语补语的不定式要带to，常用于以下动词之后：ask, tell, advise, allow, enable, expect, force, get, like, order, teach, want, invite, wish, beg等。 You should get them to help you. b) “感官动词”和“使役动词”跟不定式作宾补时不能带to，此类动词有let, have, make和hear, feel, see, watch, notice，listen to等。 Don’t let the children trouble you. I heard someone open the door. c) 但如果句子是被动词态，则to不可省略。 He was made to clean the windows as a punishment. Someone was heard to come up the stairs. 5、作定语： 不定式可以在句子中充当后置定语，修饰名词。不定式在作定语时，与被修饰的名词有意义上的主谓关系、同位关系、