Unit2英语中词的构成.docVIP

第二单元 Word-formation in English Percentage of new words coined by the different word-formation processes since 1050s (1) Derivation or affixation (about 17 -% of total new vocabulary) Prefixation: deescalate, antihero Suffixation: hawkish, modernize 1 (2) Conversion (about 10 %): bottle (v.), buy (n.) (3) Compounding or composition ( about 27 % ) : raindrop, snow-white (4) Clipping (about 296 ) : phone, flute, lab (5) Blending (about 6% ) : brunch, telex, airtel (6) Acronymy (about 9% ): U.N., TV, UNESCO, NATO (7) Back-formation (about 1% ) : gangle, vacuumclean (8) Words from proper names (about 2% ) : an Uncle Tom, xerox, (9) Neoclassical formations (about 4 % ) : psychodelic, neurolinguistic (10) Reduplication (about 0.5 % ) : walkie-talkie, go-go (I1) Others (about 3 % ) : pizzazz, gazump Derivation Prefixation Number prefixes uni-,mono-(one):unicycle,monologue bi-,di-(two):bicycle,dialogue tri-(three):tri-cycle,triangle quadr-(four):quadrangle penta-(five):pentagon hexa-(six):hexagon sept-(seven):septangle,September(the 7th month in the Roman Calendar) octa-(eight):octagon,October(the 8th month in the Roman Calendar) nona-,enne-(nine):nonagon,ennead(nine cycles) deci-,deca-(ten):decimal,decagramme centi-(a hundred):centi-meter,century mill-,kilo(a thousand):millennum,kilometer Suffixation -ism的中译 relativism(相对论）、rheumatism(风湿病）、actionism(光化作用）、euphemism(委婉语）、witticism(俏皮话）、fanaticism(狂热）、tourism(旅游业） Conversion hopa(n.)(late OE) →hope(ME) hopian(V.)(OE) →hopien or hopen(ME) Chaucer used these forms in his Canterbury Tales.Shakespeare and other Elizabethan writers used “hope” as both a noun and a verb. N →V Conversion (1)Conciseness He interned(worked as an intern) in the Capital Hospital. (2)Vividness Hey,Adam,there’re folk bad-mouthing you down there. (3)Preciseness to author; to pressure;to package;to signature 正反两义 dust the furniture(除尘）--dust the feet(染尘） skin a rabbit(剥皮）--the wound skinned(长出皮肤） weed the garden