通信原理CHAPTER 1.pptVIP

CHAPTER 1;Chapter Objectives;1-2 Digital and Analog Sources and  Systems; A digital communication system transfers information from a digital source to the intended receiver. A analog communication system transfers information from an analog source to the intended sink. Advantages and disadvantages of digital communication Advantages Relatively inexpensive. Privacy is preserved. Greater dynamic range is possible.;Data from voice, video, and data sources may be merged and transmitted over a communication digital transmission system. In long-distance systems, noise does not accumulate from repeater to repeater. Errors may often be corrected by the use of coding. Disadvantages More bandwidth is required. Synchronization is required.; 1-3 Deterministic and Random Waveforms Definitions: A deterministic waveform can be modeled as a completely specified function of time. A random waveform cannot be completely specified as a function of time and must be modeled probabilistically.;1-6 Block Diagram of a Communication  System;1-9 Information Measure What exactly is information, and how do we measure it? Definitions: The information sent from a digital source when the jth message is transmitted is given by Where Pj is the probability of transmitting the jth message. The average information measure of a digital source is; Where m is the number of possible different source messages and Pj is the probability of sending the jth message. The source rate is given by Where H is evaluated by using (1-8) and T is the time required to send a message. ;1-10 Channel Capacity and Ideal Communication Systems Ideal Communication Systems: For digital systems, the optimum system might be defined as