chapter three morphology15年11月.pptVIP

;Chapter 3 Morphology;The origin of the word “morphology”;Morphology -- Definition;Discussion;;;3.2 Morphemes;Morphemes (语素/词素/形位);Morpheme--the minimal unit of meaning;Definition: Free bound morphemes; 3.2.1 Free morphemes ;Root;;Example:;Free morphemes fall into two categories;;Open and closed class of words;3.2.3 Bound morphemes;From the aspect of occurrence position:;Prefixes generally do not change the grammatical categories of the stem. They only add some lexical meanings to the stem, e.g. mono- (meaning “one”): monodrama, monologue bi- (meaning “two”): bimonthly, bifocal, biform tri- (meaning “three”): triangle, tricolor, triweekly mini- (meaning “small”, “short”): minibus, miniskirt macro- (“大，长， 宏”）；micro- (“小，微”）； 表示否定的：a-, dis-, in-, non-, un-, 表示反动作的：de-, dis-, un-, 表示反对的：anti-, contra-, counter-, 表示之前的：fore-, pre-; 表示之后的：post-,;Some prefixes, like en-, can also change the lexical category of the stem: en- + adj. vt. : ensure, enable, enlarge, enrich en- + n. vt. : endanger, encourage, encode, encage A suffix is one that is added to end of the stem, like –ing, -ful, -less, etc. Most suffixes have 2 functions: 1. To add some grammatical meanings to the stem; (e.g. –s, -ed, -ing.) 2. To change its grammatical categories. (e.g. n. + -ly n.; n.+ -ful n/adj. : daily, friendly, monthly; mouthful, handful, spoonful; careful, useful) ;From the aspect of function:;Bound morphemes are divided into two types;Derivational morphemes;Inflectional morphemes;Eight English inflectional morphemes: ; Lexical morphemes Free morphemes Functional morphemes Morphemes Derivational morphemes