木材保护和改性4woodfireretardance02.pptVIP

Chapter 4 Chemistry of fire retardancy;4.1 Preface;indoor decoration, building, gardening, and so on ;The modern wooden building is very popular in most of the countries.;The chief criminal of fire;Wood is the criminal of fire.;In our mind, reinforced concrete is a kind of fireproof material, and strong enough to resist violent collision(猛烈撞击). But reinforced concrete has a mortal defect(致命的缺点). ; Reinforced concrete turns soft when undergoing high temperature. Normally, the strength of steel reduces by half when the temperature exceeded 300°C, and falls down when the temperature exceeded 500°C. Therefore, fire retarding is of the utmost importance. ;Coffer (or safe)保险柜: 制作材料？ 金属 金属和木（竹）材 其它 ;1.Is it necessary to preventing wood from fire, why? 2.According to your opinion, which kind of wood (assorted by their application areas) should be protected from fire? 3.From the pictures above, please tell me the most serious threats in a fire.;4.2 The chemistry of pyrolysis and combustion;(3) Flammable gases;Large amount of smoke also produced during the combustion of wood, the composition of the smoke is listed in the follows:;Some terms of combustion;4.3 Mechanisms of fire retardancy;(2) Thermal theories(热理论) ;(3) Dilution by noncombustible gases theories(不燃气体稀释理论);(5) Increased charcoal/reduced volatiles theories(炭量增加/挥发性气体减少理论)书上P118反应式;4.4 Protection of wood with fire-retardant;4.4.1 Treating methods;有机硼;(1) Phosphors and its combinations（磷及其化合物）; Monoammonium and diammonium phosphates(磷酸一铵盐和二铵盐) have been the most effective fire retardants. Organophosphorus and polyphosphate compounds (有机磷酸盐及聚磷酸复合物)are also effective. ;The most effective fire retardants of phosphorus are the follows:;(2) Halogen and its combinations（卤素及其化合物）;(3) Boron（硼） ;(4) Leach-resistant fire-retardants ;4.5 Future researches;4.6 Test methods;Critical Oxygen Index (极限氧指数) Test; 氧指数代表材料的难燃性，其值越高，表明材料被点着所需的氧气越多，即越难点着。 测定氧指数对实验室筛选阻燃配方、初步确定材料的燃烧性能是一种简便、易行、重复性好的方法。国内标准：GB/T 24