雅思大作文主体段论据展开方法谈（下）.docVIP

雅思培训 托福培训 PAGE  PAGE 3 雅思大作文主体段论据展开方法谈（下） 朗阁海外考试研究中心 二、先原因后举例 在上一个章节中我们已经初步掌握了2套论据展开方法，在本章节里，朗阁 HYPERLINK 雅思培训小编将会继续介绍第2套方法同时再给出其他方式： Some people think that environmental problems are too big for individuals to deal with. Others, however, think that each individual should take some actions. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. There are, however, obstacles that stand in the way of individual action towards environmental conservation. The first obstacle is the lack of professional knowledge needed to cope with serious environmental issues. This is because some of these problems are too big for ordinary people to handle. For instance, issues like soil erosion and salinity require a significant amount of investigation and research. Another obstacle which makes individual action almost impossible is when an environmental emergency or accident happens, e.g. an oil spill near the border line, which would necessitate government intervention or even international coordination. 在论证个人的力量无法对环境问题做出贡献时，作者给出了2个分论点，一个是说个人缺乏应对严重环境问题的知识。在论证此论点时，他也是先给出了原因，然后马上就这个原因举例。我们不妨可以进行一下对比，假如在论点后直接举例，会存在一个问题：“...with serious environmental issues such as soil erosion and salinity that require a ...”就是加上分论点后整个句子太长。尽管适当地使用长句对于获得高分的同学来说是必要的，但是这样容易走入一个误区，即尝试将每个句子都写长，而且对于一些英语语法还不是非常扎实的考生来说还容易写错，所以得不偿失。所以采用“原因”加“举例”的顺序有利于论证的循序渐进。接着我们来看第二个分论点，作者采用的是我们上个章节介绍的第一种展开方式，即举例加结果。在同一个主体段中，我们可以将不同的扩展顺序进行组合，一般来说，若段落中所有的分论点没有主次之分，那么每个论点都需要有一定深度的论证；而当出现次要论点时，我们的论证就可以相对简单一点，甚至可以不用论证。 三、举例加结果再加举例 这样的论证顺序比较适合想要得高分的考生。举例加结果是第一种论证顺序组合，在上一章节里已经有详细的介绍，而在此基础上的举例则需要考生能够充分挖掘分论点的特征，从不同层面或者不同角度再给出一个例子，从而增强论证的深度和广度。以下我们来看一个实例： Individual actions, small as they may be, can prove more effective than we realize. We can avoid driving the car, and take public transit, walk, or bicycle instead. This will reduce the use of fossil fuels and cut pollution. Saving energy at home, like turning on the air conditioner only when we have to, or turning water heater down a few degrees, is also ultimately good for t