英语词汇学4word formation.ppt

4 ;4.1 Morphemes, Root and Affix ;; Allomorphs（形素变体）: morphemes that are realized by more than one morphs;; Classification of Morphemes;Roots and affixes;;例词;2. Affix: a collective term for the type of formative that can be used only when added to another morpheme. Affixes, therefore, are considered bound morphemes. ;;;;;; Word-formation ;(2) The eight minor processes of word-formation; ;;4.2 Derivation;4.3 Prefixation ;1.? Classification of prefixes;2) reversative or privative prefixes (de-, dis- , un-);4) prefixes of degree or size (arch-, co-, hyper-, mini- ,out-, over-, sub-, super-, sur, ultra-, under-,);;5) prefixes of attitude (anti-, contra, counter-, pro-);6) locative prefixes (fore-, inter-, sub-, super-, trans-);;7) prefixes of time and order (ex-, fore-,pre-, post-, re-);;8) number prefixes (uni-/mono-, bi-/di-, tri-, … multi-/poly-);;9) Conversion prefixes (a, be-, en- );10) Miscellaneous category (auto-, extra-, neo-, paleo-, pan-, proto-, tele-, vice); 4.4 suffixation;A. Noun(-forming) suffixes;;(2). 构成，具有抽象名词的含义;;;(3) 带有场所，地方的含义;;b. Adjective (forming) suffixes:;;;c. Verb(-forming) suffixes:;d. Adverb (forming) suffixes:;White, Sowell, Yanagihara (1989) Study of American Heritage Word Frequency Book (Carroll, Davies, Richmond, 1971) Using this list of high frequency words: ; 1.My pen ____________. I cannot find it. (appear) 2.The book is on the top shelf. I’m not tall and I am ______ to reach it. (able) 3.It’s ___________ for him to catch the early bus, because he got up too late this morning. (possible) 4. __________________ leads to quarreling. (understand); 5.Miss Wang is a __________. She loves her job writing novels. (novel) 6.The teacher’s words were a great _________________ to him. (encourage) 7.Hangzhou is so ____________that it attracts many visitors. (beauty) 8. The accident happened because of his _____________. (care);Competition; 2. Differentiating suffixes ;; Continuance, continuation