History 学教授讲座之历史.pptVIP

In the course of thousands of years of history, China has created a splendid ancient culture, which eventually became the spiritual mainstay for the continuous growth and development of the Chinese nation. ;A Survey of Chinese History;Ancient Myth;Ancient Myth;; Emperor Fuxi，Nvwa‘s brother and husband, drew the Eight Diagrams used in divination（占卜）. Suiren (遂 人）was the first one who made fire. In Chinese mythology, Fu Xi was the first of the Three Sovereigns (三皇) of ancient China. He is a culture hero reputed to be the inventor of writing, fishing, and trapping. However, Cangjie is also said to have invented writing. ; Shennong，also called Yandi or the Furious Emperor (炎帝)，also known as the Emperor of the Five Grains ,was a legendary ruler of China and culture hero reputed to have lived some 5,000 years ago. ; ; There are mythological “Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors” in ancient China. According to The Records of the Grand Historian (《史记》）by Sima Qian (司马迁，about 145B C-90 BC), a great historian in the Western Han Dynasty (206 BC-25 AD), “Three Sovereigns” were the Heavenly Sovereign(天皇)，the Earthly Sovereign(地皇）and the Human Sovereign(人皇或泰皇)， while “Five Emperors” were the Yellow Emperor(黄帝)，Zhuanxu (願顼)，Emperor Ku (帝喾)， Emperor Yao (尧帝）and Emperor Shun (舜帝).;The Primitive Society;;Later, the fossil of a Peking ape Man was unearthed in Zhoukoudian Site of Beijing(北京周口店遗址)，who lived about 500,000-600,000 years ago. ;About 100,000-10,000 years ago, there lived Homo sapiens (智人）typically represented by Dali Man (大荔人）of Shanxi Province, Dingcun Man (丁村人）of Shanxi Province, Maba Man (马坝人）of Guangdong Province, the Upper Cave Man (山顶洞人）of Beijing, Liujiang Man (柳江人）of Guangxi Province, Ziyang Man (资阳人）of Sichuan Province. About 10,000 years ago, the primeval humankind was linked by genealogy, and “clan” began to form with each having the members descending from the same ancestor. They lived and worked together and shared food. Such clan is known as “clan co