ECMO in the rescue of critically ill patients in.docVIP

 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 5 ECMO in the rescue of critically ill patients in Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) originated in the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), initially through the in vitro blood-gas exchange in the treatment of reversible respiratory failure, followed by a variety of reasons outside the operating room for heart and lung failure caused by a temporary alternative measures, and have achieved a certain degree of therapeutic effect. In this paper, literature on the history of the development ECMO, mechanical principles, clinical applications and problems are reviewed. 1. ECMO history of development of Bubble oxygenator cardiopulmonary bypass in 1953 and successfully used in open heart surgery, but the bubble-type oxygenator more complications, and their use is limited to a few hours time. In 1956, Clowes and other research and development of gas-exchange membrane, with the exchange membrane materials, continuous improvement, bionic breathing membrane oxygenator (ECMO) gradually spread in the clinical use of membrane lung gas exchange ability, biocompatibility Well, less blood damage, a lower incidence of air embolism, especially fiber membrane lung development, its good stability and safety of in vitro oxygenation for extended periods of possible applications [1]. The 20th century, the late 60s, some people try to use in vitro cardiopulmonary support technical treatment of respiratory failure, and put forward the concept of ECMO. Hill is equal to 1972 technology, successfully treated with ECMO had a 24-year-old with respiratory failure in patients with complex injuries [2]. Four years later, Bartlett, etc., was first reported application of ECMO treatment of neonatal lung injury and survival. After the application of ECMO gradually increased, a number of studies have shown that ECMO can significantly reduce neonatal acute lung injury and mortality in children with acute respiratory failure [3-5], which is inhaled NO, high frequency oscillat