英语专业四级语法讲.docVIP

PAGE  PAGE 56 主谓一致 主谓一致 1． 主谓一致（与插入语无关） 1）主谓的分隔原则：主谓之间可以用定语从句或者省略的定语从句分隔。 2）定语从句中的主谓一致： 3）随前一致：n. + together with n2 as well as including along with with / of accompanied with / by 4）就近原则：n1 or n2 +v（就近原则）either n1 or n2 5）可数n1 and 可数n2+v(pl) 不可数n1 and 不可数n2+v(pl) 例外：war and peace is…　war and peace是一个整体 但是如果主语表示的是同一个概念，同一人，同一事的时候，谓语动词用单数，这种结构的特征是and连接的两个词只有一个冠词。 The iron and steel industry is very important to our country. The head master and mathematical teacher is coming. The head master and the mathematical teacher are coming.类似的还有：law and order　bread and butter　black and white　 to love and to be loved is … a lawyer and a teacher are… a lawyer and teacher is … 6) 随后原则：not a but b / not only a but also b+v.(与b一致) 7) 百分比结构：most , half , rest , some , majority , one+persent of+n1+v.（由n1决定） 8) 倒装结构的主谓一致： a）there be +n　由名词决定动词 b）among , between等介词位于句首引起倒装结构： among / between …+系动词+n. （由名词决定动词） 9) the+adj的主谓一致： a）当表示“一类人”， b）当表示某一抽象概念时the good is always attractive. 10 to do/doing/主从+vs *more than one+n many a +n. a day or two 主谓一致的易错点归纳 ? ■不定式短语、动词-ing形式或名词性从句作主语， HYPERLINK / 谓语动词用单数形式。如： Remember /To remember English words is not easy. 记英语单词不容易。 Who will do the job hasn’t been decided yet. 谁来做这项工作还没决定。 注：what引导主语从句时，如果其表语是复数形式，谓语动词要用复数形式。如： What he took with him were two books. 他带去的是两本书。 ■“名词或代词+由with, together with, along with, as well as, besides, but ,except, including, in addition to, like, no less than, rather than等引起的短语”作主语时，谓语动词与前面的名词或代词的数一致。如： Mr Li together with his two sons has gone to the cinema. 李先生和他的两个儿子看电影去了。 No one except the two boys was late for class. 除了两个男孩外，没有一个人迟到。 Li Ming, rather than his classmates, has let out the secret. 是李明透露了那个消息而不是他的同学透露的。 ■“more than one/many a + 单数名词”作主语时， HYPERLINK / 谓语动词用单数形式。如： More than one person has known it. 不止一个人知道这件事。 Many a worker was killed in the accident. 在这个事故中死了许多工人。 注：“More+复数名词 than one”作主语，谓语则用复数形式。如： More persons than one have known it. 不止一个人知道这件事。 ■“一两个……”，用“one or two+