自考英语词汇学第四章.pptVIP

英语词汇学Chapter 4 Word Formation Ⅱ构 词 Ⅱ;Word-formation: affixation (30%-40%),词缀法 compounding (28%-30%),复合法 conversion (26%),转类法 Shortening (clipping , acronymy ) (8%-10%),缩略法 (截短法，首字母缩略法) blending and other means (1%-5%) 拼缀法和其他方法 Not all the words that are produced by applying the rule are acceptable.;4.1 Affixation 词缀法;4.1.1 Prefixation前缀法;Accordingly, we shall classify prefixes on a semantic basis into nine groups: Negative prefixes, Reversative prefixes, Pejorative prefixes, Prefixes of degree or size, Prefixes of orientation and attitude, Locative prefixes, Prefixes of time and order, Number prefixes, Miscellaneous prefixes. -因此我们可以从语义的角度把前缀分为 9 类：表示否定意义的前缀，表示逆向意义的前缀，表示贬义的前缀，表示程度、大小等意义的前缀，表示倾向和态度等意 义的前缀，表示方位意义的前缀，表示时间和顺序等意义的前缀，表示数字的前缀，其他种类意义的前缀。 ;4.1.2 Suffixation后缀法;1.Noun suffixes 名词后缀;;3) De-adjective nouns 由形容词转化为名词. -ity, -ness, 4) Noun and adjective suffixes 名词和形容词后缀 -ese,-an,-ist 有一小部分后缀加在表示人或者国家名的词干上，既构成名词又构成形容词：;2.Adjective suffixes 形容词后缀;3.Adverb suffixes: 副词后缀 -ly, -ward(s), -wise;4.2 Compounding复合法;;4.2.1characteristicsof Compound复合词的特点;;;;;;;2). Semantic features Compounds are different from free phrases in semantic unity. Every compound should express a single idea just as one word. 语义特点。复合词在语义统一性上与自由词组存在差异。每个复合词应表达一个单一的观念，就如同 一个单词一样。 a green hand red meat hot dog ;;;;;;;;;;;;4.4.2 Formation of Compounds;;;4.3 Conversion 转类法;;Animal Names Turned into Verbs;;4.4 Blending 拼缀法;;4.5 clipping截短法;4.6 Acronymy首字母缩略法;Initialisms are words pronounced letter by letter. 首字母缩略词的读音是一个字母一个字母地念，互不拼读。 1. Letters represent full words: 字母代表整个单词 VOA - Voice of America。 2.Letters represent constituents in a compound or just parts of a word: 。字母代表复合词的组成部分??一个单词的组成部分 TV television ;Acronyms are words formed from initial letters but pronounced as a normal word.首字母拼音词是由字母组合在一起作为一个标准单词拼音的词。 Some acronyms are formed with the initial letter of the first word plus the whole of the second, N-bo