BasicScienceandModelingofSolarEnergy.ppt

Basic Science and ModelingofSolar Energy;Topics:;Science of Solar Energy; “The pp-chain (proton-proton chain) involves a series of nuclear reactions that are responsible for the generation of energy in the sun. The basis for the suns energy is that four hydrogen atoms fuse to form one helium atom whose mass is slightly less than the mass of the combined four hydrogen atoms. The missing mass is what was converted to energy. ??? “In the pp-chain, two protons (moving at very fast velocities) fuse together to create deuterium. A neutrino and a positron are expelled in the process. Deuterium (one proton and one neutron) fuse with one more proton creating Helium-3. A photon is released in this process and this is what gives the sun its energy. After Helium-3 is created, it fuses with another of its type and 2 hydrogen atoms are expelled. The result is one atom of Helium-4 and 2 atoms of Hydrogen to start the process all over again. Even though the photons are accountable for most of the suns energy, about 5% of the energy is given off in neutrinos.” -bib. 1 ;Fig. 1 (copied ,bib.1) ;Hydrogen(one proton);;;;? ;Photon;;Semiconductors;;;Semiconductors;Si;Semiconductors;Si; The binding force of electron pairs is much stronger than the electromagnetic force between an electron and the nucleus ?The extra electron moves from the n-type to the p-type And these electrons form valence pairs with the electrons that were missing a pair This results in a shift in charge that creates an electric field in the material. Now the n-side(doped with phosphorus) gains a positive charge. When the electron moved it left a proton “Similarly, the boron atom is surrounded by one more electron than there are positive protons in the boron nucleus.”;Electric Field;;Technology Using Solar Energy;Types of PV Cells;1. Monocrystalline Silicon ;2. Multicrystalline Silicon;3. Thick-film Silicon;4. Amorphous Silicon;5. Other Thin Films;Manufacturing;How It Works;Math Modeling;Bibliography