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Timken Lean6Sigma Training 铁姆肯L6S培训Introduction to Control Charts控制图简介 Control Chart Basics控制图基础 X-Bar and S Control Charts均值和标准差控制图 Individuals Control Charts单值控制图 Other Common Control Charts其他常见控制图 Final Thoughts结束语 Understanding Variation – Revisited理解波动-回顾 Recall that we defined three categories of process variation:回忆一下，我们把过程波动定义为三种类型： Common Cause Variation: Natural background variation or process noise that is always present and is inherent to the system. This is small scale variation. 偶因波动：自然本底波动或过程噪音，它是一直出现的，并且是系统固有的。 Special Cause Variation: Large scale variation that may permanently change the process due to some assignable or special sources of variation. The causes are external. 异因波动：大幅度的波动，也许会由于一些可归因的或特殊的波动源，而永久性地改变过程。原因是外部的。 Systematic Variation: Large scale variation that systematically changes the process mean and is inherent to the process.系统波动：大幅度的波动，有规律地改变了过程的均值，是过程固有的。 A stable or in control process is subject to only common cause variation. An unstable or out of control process is subject to common cause, special cause and/or systematic variation. 一个稳定的过程是指只存在偶因的波动。 不稳定的过程是指存在偶因，异因和/或系统波动的过程。 Understanding Variation – Revisited理解波动-回顾 A control chart is basically a signal detection device, which attempts to distinguish special and systematic causes of variation from common cause variation. 控制图基本上是一个信号检测手段，目的是把异波和系统波动从偶波中区别开来。 If a process is performing acceptably, one wants to maintain that process so that it continues to perform at that level free of special causes. 如果一个过程的表现是可以接受的话，有人想维护那个过程，以便过程能够持续地保持没有异因波动的状态。 In the case of our KPIs, we would like to shift process performance from an undesirable state to a desired state. 就我们的KPI而言，我们希望过程绩效能从我们不想要的状态转到想要的状态。 We are purposely trying to introduce a special cause in our process that will move it from the undesirable level to the desired level. 我们有意地在我们的过程中引进了异因的概念，这一概念实施将有助于从不想要的状态转变成想要的状态。 Introduction to Control Charts控制图简介 Detecting and maintaining improvement require that we monitor