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Chapter 11 Security and Privacy: Computers and the Internet Why are security and privacy issues? networking has made data and information easier to access data and information must be protected from destruction accidental damage theft espionage unauthorized access Computer Crime most frequently reported computer crimes credit card fraud data communications fraud unauthorized access to computer files unlawful copying of copyrighted software People hackers - people who attempt to gain access to computer systems illegally electronic pickpockets - people who use computers to illegally transfer money, goods, or other valuables white-hat hackers - professionals hired to try to break into a system before someone else does “Bad Guy” Tricks Some methods commonly used by computer criminals bomb - program designed to trigger damage under certain conditions data diddling - changing data before or after it is entered denial of service attacks - bombarding a site with requests for service piggybacking - accessing a system through someone else, may occur if the authorized user did not exit properly More tricks salami techniques - embezzlement technique that transfers small “slices” of money scavenging - looking through garbage for useful information trapdoor - an unauthorized means of entry into a legitimate program Trojan horse - potentially harmful instructions hidden inside an otherwise useful program zapping - software designed to bypass security systems Discovery and Prosecution discovery of computer crimes is often difficult many businesses do not report crimes for fear of bad publicity complexities of computer-related fraud often not fully understood by law enforcement prosecutors judges juries Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (1986) attempt to define computer crime at national level Computer Forensics computer forensics - uncovering computer-stored information to be used in court used in both civil and criminal cases relatively new field each examination is unique Security m