Prediabetes.pptVIP

Prediabetes Carol H. Wysham, MD What is Diabetes? Normally, blood sugar (glucose) levels are kept in the normal range by the release of insulin from the islet cells of the pancreas Insulin helps glucose enter the cells. Diabetes occurs when the body doesn’t produce enough insulin or the body can’t use it properly. This results in sugar (glucose) building up within the bloodstream Diagnosed by blood test Fasting glucose 125mg/dl Random blood glucose 200mg/dl Diabetes Body lacks insulin or is unable to use insulin effectively What Causes Diabetes Type 1 Diabetes is caused by an activation of the immune system that causes destruction of the insulin producing cells (islet cells) in the pancreas. Type 2 Diabetes is caused by two conditions: Insulin resistance: an inherited problem where the body needs more insulin to process sugar. Insulin resistance worsens with increased weight. Insulin deficiency: the islet cells of the pancreas are unable to make enough insulin to overcome the resistance. Diabetes: 17 Million and Climbing Estimated 11 million diagnosed + 5.4 million undiagnosed Type 2 diabetes accounts for 95% of cases Over 2,200 new cases are diagnosed each day Residual Lifetime Risk of Diabetes (%) NHANES: Diabetes Prevalence by Age The Prevalence of Diabetes and Obesity The Evolution of Man: The Thrifty Gene Hypothesis Why is Diabetes More Common? Risk Factors for the Development of Type 2 Diabetes Family history of diabetes Obesity Especially central Hypertension High triglycerides Low HDL-C Elevated glucose Ethnicity other than Caucasian Vascular disease History of gestational diabetes History of baby weighing 9 lbs Sedentary lifestyle Schizophrenia Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes:Heredity 4%-8% in offspring 30%-50% in offspring Patterns of Body Fat Distribution Acanthosis Nigricans Why Do We Worry About Diabetes? Association with debilitating complications Preventable with aggressive treatment High cost of care Mostly due to costs of caring for