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Classication of Toxic Cyanobacterial Blooms by Fourier-Transform Infrared Technology FTIR).doc

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Classication of Toxic Cyanobacterial Blooms by Fourier-Transform Infrared Technology FTIR)

Advances in Microbiology, 2013, 3, 1-8 /10.4236/aim.2013.36A001 Published Online October 2013 (/journal/aim) Classification of Toxic Cyanobacterial Blooms by Fourier-Transform Infrared Technology (FTIR) Gabriel Kenne, Deon van der Merwe Kansas State University, Manhattan, USA Email: gkenne@ Received July 25, 2013; revised August 26, 2013; accepted September 3, 2013 Copyright ? 2013 Gabriel Kenne, Deon van der Merwe. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons At- tribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is prop- erly cited. ABSTRACT Cyanobacteria are gram-negative photosynthetic bacteria capable of producing toxins responsible for morbidity and mortality in humans and domestic animals. They are capable of forming concentrated blooms, referred to as harmful algal blooms (HABs). Characterization of HABs is necessary to reduce risks from human and animal exposures to tox- ins. Current methods used to classify cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins have limitations related to time, analyst skills, and cost. Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) is a potential tool for rapid, robust cyanobacterial classification that is not limited by these factors. To examine the practicality of this method, library screening with default software algorithms was performed on HAB samples, followed by principle component cluster analyses and dendrogram analysis of samples meeting minimum quality requirements. Two tested spectrometers and software packages were successful at distinguishing cyanobacteria from green algae. Principle component cluster analysis and dendrogram analysis also re- sulted in clear differentiation between cyanobacteria and green algae. While these methods cannot be used independ- ently to fully characterize HABs, they show the potential and practicality of FTIR as a screening tool. Keywords: Cyanobacteria; Harmf