8管道材质、走向及弯头描述.doc

8 Pipeline Material, Orientation, and Bends管道材料、走向、及弯头 1 INTRODUCTIONA major advantage that pneumatic conveying systems have over alternative mechanical conveying systems is in flexibility in continuous pipeline routing. Pipelines can run horizontally, and with bends in the pipeline, flows can go vertically up or vertically down, with little restriction on numbers of bends or distances. Pipelines inclined upwards are not generally recommended and so flow in inclined pipelines is examined.气力输送系统相对机械输送系统的一个重要的优点是是管道可以方便的布置。水平管道通过弯头，可以垂直向上或向下，对弯头的数量或距离几乎没有限制。一般不建议管道倾斜向上，因此要诊察倾斜管道内的流动。 Up to now pressure gradient has been discussed in global terms of pressure drop available and distance over which a material must be conveyed, with high pressure gradients being required for dense phase conveying. Data is included in this chapter to show how pressure gradient varies with conveying parameters for horizontal and vertical conveying in both dilute and dense phase flows. 截至目前，我们已经讨论了许可压降及物料必须被输送的距离方面的压力梯度的问题，密相输送要求有高的压力梯度。本章中的数据将用来说明压力梯度是怎样随稀相及密相流动中水平和垂直流动常数而变化的。 Conveying parameters were introduced in the previous chapter for pipeline bore and conveying distance. In this chapter scaling parameters are presented for other pipeline features including vertical flow. The influence of conveying parameters on pressure drop across bends is considered, for both dilute and dense phase flow, and losses are presented in terms of both a pressure drop and an equivalent length. Pipeline material is also considered, with particular reference to the use of flexible rubber hose.上一章中已经介绍了管道口径和输送距离等输送参数。在这一章将提出其它管道特征，包括垂直流动的换算参数。将研究稀相和密相流动中输送参数对弯头压降的影响，压损用压降和当量长度这两种形式来表达。也将关注管道材料，特别是挠性软管的应用。 2 PRESSURE GRADIENT DATA压力梯度数据 All the conveying data presented so far has been for total pipeline systems. This is usually obtained from a test facility comprising a pipeline test loop that generally includes horizontal pipeline lengths, a number of bends and possibly an element of vertical lift. The press