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Linux简介 什么是Linux？ “Linux”在不同的语境下的含义 Linux发展简史 Linux操作系统的主要内容 Linux版本 内核版本 发行版本 Linux系统的好处 Linux的运行及相关基本概念 什么是Linux？ Linux是一个类Unix（Unix-like）的操作系统，在1991年发行了它的第一个版本 在Linux内核维护网站上，“What is Linux?” From “” Linux的来历和目标： Linux is a clone of the operating system Unix, written from scratch by Linus Torvalds with assistance from a loosely-knit team of hackers across the Net. It aims towards POSIX and Single UNIX Specification compliance. Linux的功能 It has all the features you would expect in a modern fully-fledged Unix, including true multitasking, virtual memory, shared libraries, demand loading, shared copy-on-write executables, proper memory management, and multistack networking including IPv4 and IPv6. Portable Operating System Interface Standard可移植操作系统接口标准由IEEE制订，并由ISO接受为国际标准。 Institute for Electrical and Electronic Engineers电气电子工程师学会[美] International Organization for Standardization国际标准化组织制定各行各业各种产品和服务的技术规范（国际标准） Linux支持的目标体系结构 Although originally developed first for 32-bit x86-based PCs (386 or higher), today Linux also runs on (at least) the Alpha AXP, Sun SPARC, Motorola 68000, PowerPC, ARM, Hitachi SuperH, IBM S/390, MIPS, HP PA-RISC, Intel IA-64, AMD x86-64, AXIS CRIS, Renesas M32R, Atmel AVR32, Renesas H8/300, NEC V850, Tensilica Xtensa, and Analog Devices Blackfin architectures; for many of these architectures in both 32- and 64-bit variants. 在内存管理方面不得不说的 Linux is easily portable to most general-purpose 32- or 64-bit architectures as long as they have a paged memory management unit (PMMU) and a port of the GNU C compiler (gcc) (part of The GNU Compiler Collection, GCC). Linux has also been ported to a number of architectures without a PMMU, although functionality is then obviously somewhat limited. See the μClinux project for more info. Linux简介 什么是Linux？ “Linux”在不同的语境下的含义 Linux发展简史 Linux操作系统的主要内容 Linux版本 内核版本 发行版本 Linux系统的好处 Linux的运行及相关基本概念 “Linux” 在不同的语境下，“Linux”具有不同的内涵，例如： Linux内核、Linux系统或Linux开发套件等术语。 严格来说，Linux指的是Linux Torvalds维护的（及通过主要和镜像网站发布的）内核。 GNU/L