托福阅读文本练习-AGGRESSION.docx

智课网TOEFL备考资料 托福阅读文本练习:AGGRESSION 摘要： tpo托福阅读里面的练习题都是我么曾经考试的真题，是我们每一位参加托福考试的考生至少要练习三遍的内容，今天我们就来为大家分享一道我们在托福考试过程中经常遇到的类型题。  tpo 托福 阅读里面的练习题都是我么曾经考试的真题，是我们每一位参加 托福考试 的考生至少要练习三遍的内容，今天我们就来为大家分享一道我们在托福考试过程中经常遇到的类型题。  AGGRESSION  When one animal attacks another, it engages in the most obvious example of aggressive behavior. Psychologists have adopted several approaches to understanding aggressive behavior in people.  The Biological Approach. Numerous biological structures and chemicals appear to be involved in aggression. One is the hypothalamus, a region of the brain. In response to certain stimuli, many animals show instinctive aggressive reactions. The hypothalamus appears to be involved in this inborn reaction pattern: electrical stimulation of part of the hypothalamus triggers stereotypical aggressive behaviors in many animals. In people, however, whose brains are more complex, other brain structures apparently moderate possible instincts.    An offshoot of the biological approach called sociobiology suggests that aggression is natural and even desirable for people. Sociobiology views much social behavior, including aggressive behavior, as genetically determined. Consider Darwins theory of evolution. Darwin held that many more individuals are produced than can find food and survive into adulthood. A struggle for survival follows. Those individuals who possess characteristics that provide them with an advantage in the struggle for existence are more likely to survive and contribute their genes to the next generation. In many species, such characteristics include aggressiveness. Because aggressive individuals are more likely to survive and reproduce, whatever genes are linked to aggressive behavior are more likely to be transmitted to subsequent generations.  The sociobiology view has been attacked on numerous grounds. One is that peoples capacity to outwit other species, not their aggressiveness, appears to b