MR原理、技术与设备（冯衍秋）5-MR信号.pptVIP

利用SE测量T1 t 90 90 180 实际上任何角度、任何对数的RF脉冲都可以产生回波 但是没有利用所有自旋的重聚，其幅度比SE的小一些 。 GE ~ Gradient Echo GRE ~ Gradient Recalled Echo FE ~ Field Echo IV. Gradient echo Gradient Field A gradient field in the context of MRI is a special kind of inhomogeneous field whose z-component varies linearly along a specific direction called the gradient direction. Gradient Coils Gradient Coils Bz z B0 Bz x B0 Gradient Field Gradient vector Gradient Echo Data Collection RF G For G applied in x direction Gradient Echo Train Measuring T2*??? Echo vs FID Two-Sidedness Rephasing dephasing Generation Refocusing RF Gradient Spin Echo vs Gradient Echo 原理不同: RF vs. Gradient field 信噪比不同，衰减 T2 and T2* 信号恢复速度不同：采集速度 TE Repetition Time：TR 思考 ??? 90 90 90 1. 2. 复习 用几个符合进行总结？ What is the fundamental equation that describes the above evolvement? Block Equation? Block Equation? RF Coils Assuming homogeneous reception field Phase Sensitive Detection Digital demodulation Assuming homogeneous reception field MR 信号Signal Characteristics Free Induction Decay – FID RF Echoes – Spin Echo Gradient Recalled Echo – GRE Gradient Echo, Field Echo RF Coil MR信号Characteristics I. FID ~ Free Induction Decay 如果?RF=?0，样品由RF场吸收能量，M会偏离B0场方向； 脉冲RF场作用后，M逐渐向热平衡态恢复； M会偏离B0场方向，存在旋转的Mxy，位于xy平面内的接收线圈会有感应信号~FID信号，Mxy逐渐衰减到0。 I. FID ~ Free: the free precession Induction: Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction Decay: the characteristic decrease with time of signal amplitude Signal Two sources of phase dispersion Radom interaction between spins B0 inhomogeneity Data Collection 90o RF FA=α Measure T2*？ S (t2)=S0exp(-t2/T2*) (2) (1)/(2)得： S (t1)/ S (t2) =exp[(t2-t1)/T2*] = exp（?t/T2*） T2*= ?t/ln[S (t1)/ S (t2)] S (t1)=S0exp(-t1/T2*) (1) 利用FID不能测量T2! …… 如果B0场非均匀，利用FID信号只能得到T2* ； 实际情况：不存在理想的静磁场，所以 Using FID to Measure T1？ t FID信号特点： FID信号不具有对称性； FID信号对B0场非均匀性很敏感，其在较短时间内衰减为0 对使用者而言改变序列参数不方便； FID信号比较弱； 目前FID信号较少应用，寻找中心频率可用。 II. RF echoes SE ~ Spin Echo 1.