2.从文艺复兴到十九世纪的语言学选编.pptVIP

From Renaissance to the Nineteenth Century Non-European linguistics influenced European tradition Hebrew (希伯来语)，as the language of the Old Testament, became a proper and important language to study. Its biblical status gave Hebrew a place alongside Latin and Greek. De rudimentis Hebraicis (On Fundamental Rules of Hebrew) 《论希伯来语的基本规则》by Reuchlin 罗赫林 Non-European linguistics influenced European tradition Hebrew linguistic scholarship was developed under the influence of Arabic linguistic work. Both are Semitic languages and have structural similarities. Technical terms and categories were borrowed from Arabic linguists for the descriptive analysis of Hebrew. Non-European linguistics influenced European tradition Arabic linguistic studies were concerned with the Koran《可兰经》，the sacred book of Islam. Arabic grammatical scholarship reached its culmination at the end of the 8th Century in the grammar of Sibawaih(斯巴华伊), who was not an Arab, but a Percian. Living languages of Europe were systematically studied Interest in the Arabic and Hebrew languages contributed to the loosening of the bounds from the Latin and Greek languages on linguistics. This trend was further reinforced by the study of the vernacular languages of Europe. Dante(但丁1265-1321) did a lot to foster the study of the spoken Roman dialects as against written Latin. Living languages of Europe were systematically studied The renaissance saw the publication of many of the first grammars of European languages: Italian and Spanish grammars: 15th Century French grammar: 16th Century Polish grammar: 15th-16th Century Living languages of Europe were systematically studied The invention of printing diffused knowledge at a vastly increased rate; 印刷技术 The rise of a commercial middle class spread literate education through wider circles of society; 中产阶级的崛起 The publication of dictionaries accompanied the publication of grammars; 词典和语法书 The translation of the Bible gave rise