IV.WaterChemistry.pptVIP

IV. Water Chemistry A. pH, hardness, and other ionic compounds and gases affecting water quality Cations (positively charged ions): Iron (Fe2+) - causes taste, discoloration, hardness. Manganese (Mn2+) - causes taste, discoloration, hardness, but less common than iron. Calcium (Ca2+) - often occurs with Mg, causes hardness. Magnesium (Mg2+) - Mg2+ Ca2+ are the primary contributors to water hardness. Anions (negatively charged ions): Chloride (Cl-) - reduces palatability, contributes to permanent hardness. Fluoride (F-) - may occur naturally with chloride or added to prevent cavities. High