Avian Cone Photoreceptors Tile the Retina as Five Independent, Self-Organizing Mosaics 英文参考文献.docVIP
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Avian Cone Photoreceptors Tile the Retina as Five Independent, Self-Organizing Mosaics 英文参考文献
AvianConePhotoreceptorsTiletheRetinaasFive
Independent,Self-OrganizingMosaics
YosephA.Kram,StephanieMantey¤,JosephC.Corbo*
DepartmentofPathologyandImmunology,WashingtonUniversitySchoolofMedicine,St.Louis,Missouri,UnitedStatesofAmerica
Abstract
Theavianretinapossessesoneofthemostsophisticatedconephotoreceptorsystemsamongvertebrates.Birdshavefive
typesofconesincludingfoursinglecones,whichsupporttetrachromaticcolorvisionandadoublecone,whichisthought
tomediateachromaticmotionperception.Despitethisrichness,verylittleisknownaboutthespatialorganizationofavian
conesanditsadaptivesignificance.Hereweshowthatthefiveconetypesofthechickenindependentlytiletheretinaas
highly ordered mosaics with a characteristic spacing between cones of the same type. Measures of topological order
indicate that double cones are more highly ordered than single cones, possibly reflecting their posited role in motion
detection. Although cones show spacing interactions that are cell type-specific, all cone types use the same density-
dependentyardsticktomeasureinterconedistance.Weproposeasimpledevelopmentalmodelthatcanaccountforthese
observations. We also show that a single parameter, the global regularity index, defines the regularity of all five cone
mosaics. Lastly, we demonstrate similar cone distributions in three additional avian species, suggesting that these
patterning principles are universal among birds. Since regular photoreceptor spacing is critical for uniform sampling of
visual space, the cone mosaics of the avian retina represent an elegant example of the emergence of adaptive global
patterning secondary to simple local interactions between individual photoreceptors. Our results indicate that the
evolutionarypressuresthatgaverisetotheavianretina’svariousadaptationsforenhancedcolordiscriminationalsoacted
tofine-tuneitsspatialsamplingofcolorandluminance.
Citation:KramYA,ManteyS,CorboJC(2010)AvianConePhotoreceptorsTiletheRetinaasFiveIndependent,Self-OrganizingMosaics.PLoSONE5(2):e8992.
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