Mechanistic Basis of Branch-Site Selection in Filamentous Bacteria 英文参考文献.docVIP

Mechanistic Basis of Branch-Site Selection in Filamentous Bacteria 英文参考文献.doc

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Mechanistic Basis of Branch-Site Selection in Filamentous Bacteria 英文参考文献

MechanisticBasisofBranch-SiteSelectionin FilamentousBacteria DavidM.Richards1.,AntjeM.Hempel1,2.,KlasFla¨rdh2*,MarkJ.Buttner1,MartinHoward1* 1JohnInnesCentre,NorwichResearchPark,Norwich,UnitedKingdom,2DepartmentofBiology,LundUniversity,Lund,Sweden Abstract Manyfilamentousorganisms,suchasfungi,growbytip-extensionandbyformingnewbranchesbehindthetips.Asimilar growth mode occurs in filamentous bacteria, including the genus Streptomyces, although here our mechanistic understanding has been very limited. The Streptomyces protein DivIVA is a critical determinant of hyphal growth and localizes in foci at hyphal tips and sites of future branch development. However, how such foci form was previously unknown.Here,weshowexperimentallythatDivIVAfocus-formationinvolvesanovelmechanisminwhichnewDivIVAfoci break off from existing tip-foci, bypassing the need for initial nucleation or de novo branch-site selection. We develop a mathematicalmodelforDivIVA-dependentgrowthandbranching,involvingDivIVAfocus-formationbytip-focussplitting, focus growth, and the initiation of new branches at a critical focus size. We quantitatively fit our model to the experimentally-measuredtip-to-branchandbranch-to-branchlengthdistributions.Themodelpredictsaparticularbimodal tip-to-branch distribution results from tip-focus splitting, a prediction we confirm experimentally. Our work provides mechanisticunderstandingofanovelmodeofhyphalgrowthregulationthatmaybewidelyemployed. Citation: RichardsDM,HempelAM,Fla¨rdh K,Buttner MJ,HowardM(2012)MechanisticBasisofBranch-SiteSelection inFilamentous Bacteria.PLoSComput Biol8(3):e1002423.doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002423 Editor:ChristopherV.Rao,UniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-Champaign,UnitedStatesofAmerica ReceivedNovember28,2011;AcceptedJanuary26,2012;PublishedMarch8,2012 Copyright: ? 2012 Richards et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricteduse,distribution,andreprodu

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