Overview of Physical Models and Statistical Approaches for Weak Gaseous Plume Detection using Passive Infrared Hyperspectral Imagery 英文参考文献.docVIP

Sensors 2006, 6, 1721-1750 sensors ISSN 1424-8220 ? 2006 by MDPI /sensors Review Overview of Physical Models and Statistical Approaches for Weak Gaseous Plume Detection using Passive Infrared Hyperspectral Imagery Tom Burr * and Nicolas Hengartner Mail Stop F600, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos NM 87545, USA E-mails: tburr@ and nickh@ * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: tburr@ Received: 22 October 2006 / Accepted: 4 December 2006 / Published: 6 December 2006 Abstract: The performance of weak gaseous plume-detection methods in hyperspectral long-wave infrared imagery depends on scene-specific conditions such at the ability to properly estimate atmospheric transmission, the accuracy of estimated chemical signatures, and background clutter. This paper reviews commonly-applied physical models in the context of weak plume identification and quantification, identifies inherent error sources as well as those introduced by making simplifying assumptions, and indicates research areas. Keywords: clutter, generalized least squares, infrared, model averaging, temperature- emissivity separation, errors in predictors, plume detection 1. Introduction Remote detection and identification of chemical plumes using airborne passive infrared (IR) sensors is a challenging problem. Our goal is to detect weak gaseous chemical plumes in cluttered scenes that contain a mixture of background types, such as water, vegetation, asphalt, concrete, buildings, etc. Data from a typical scene consists of the measured, calibrated radiance r for each of many wavelengths (covering some subset of the visible to the long-wave IR regions using approximately 128 to 256 spectral channels spanning wavelengths from approximately 0.5 to 15 μm) in each of approximately 500 x 500 spatial pixels (in both the cross-tracking direction and the with- tracking d