Peptide Vaccine Therapy in Colorectal Cancer 英文参考文献.docVIP

Vaccines 2013, 1, 1-16; doi:10.3390/vaccines1010001 OPEN ACCESS vaccines ISSN 2076-393X /journal/vaccines Review Peptide Vaccine Therapy in Colorectal Cancer Aleksandra Bartnik, Ajit Johnson Nirmal and Shi-Yu Yang * Research Department of General Surgery, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, UCL Medical School, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK; E-Mails: o.bartnik@ucl.ac.uk (A.B.); ajit.nirmal.10@alumni.ucl.ac.uk (A.J.N.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: shiyu.yang@ucl.ac.uk; Tel.: +44-20-7594-0500; Fax: +44-20-7462-6224. Received: 6 July 2012; in revised form: 15 August 2012 / Accepted: 16 August 2012 / Published: 24 August 2012 Abstract: Colorectal cancer is the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths and the second most prevalent (after breast cancer) in the western world. High metastatic relapse rates and severe side effects associated with the adjuvant treatment have urged oncologists and clinicians to find a novel, less toxic therapeutic strategy. Considering the limited success of the past clinical trials involving peptide vaccine therapy to treat colorectal cancer, it is necessary to revise our knowledge of the immune system and its potential use in tackling cancer. This review presents the efforts of the scientific community in the development of peptide vaccine therapy for colorectal cancer. We review recent clinical trials and the strategies for immunologic monitoring of responses to peptide vaccine therapy. We also discuss the mechanisms underlying the therapy and potential molecular targets in colon cancer. Keywords: peptide vaccine therapy; colorectal cancer; EphA2; survivin; SART3; CEA and MUC-1 1. Introduction Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths among men and women in the western world [1,2]. Europe has the