交通运输与物流专业英语(Unite5)中英文.docxVIP

Unit Five Environmental Impacts of TransportationText A Environmental impacts of transportationTransportation systems affect the environment in many ways. Three of the many transportation related major impacts are air quality, noise generation, and energy consumption. Therefore, the environment impact analysis has become an integral part of contemporary transportation planning and decision-making.交通运输系统在许多方面对环境产生影响，其中三个主要方面包括空气质量、噪音和能源消耗，因此，环境影响分析已经成为当代交通规划和决策过程中必不可少的一部分。Air pollutionThe combustion of fuels used by transportation vehicles releases several contaminants into the atmosphere, including carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, oxides of nitrogen, and lead and other particulate matter.运输车辆在燃烧燃料时会向大气中释放几种污染物，包括一氧化碳、烃化物、氮氧化合物、铅以及其他特殊物质。Carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons, which have been detected in exhaust emissions, are the result of the incomplete combustion of fuel. Particulates are minute solid or liquid particles that are suspended in the air. They are aerosols, smoke, and dust particles. The even more harmful photochemical smog is the result of complex reaction of oxides of nitrogen and hydrocarbons under the sunlight.尾气中检测出的一氧化碳和烃化物是由于燃料地不完全燃烧产生的，（排出的）微粒包括了悬浮在空气中细小固体颗粒或液体颗粒，它们形成了喷雾、烟以及灰尘，而（相对来说对环境）更加有害的光化学烟雾则是由于氮氧化物和烃化物在光照中发生一系列复杂反应产生的结果。Air pollutants, once emitted into the atmosphere, start to mix and spread out in all directions. The degree of the diffusion depends on topographic, climatic, and meteorological conditions, which include wind speed and direction, and atmospheric stability.空气污染物一旦释放到大气中便开始朝四面八方弥漫并与空气混合，扩散的程度取决于地形、天气以及气象学条件（包括风速、风向和大气稳定度）等。The assessment of the air pollution effects of transportation may be undertaken at three levels: micro-scale analysis in the immediate vicinity of a transportation facility such as a highway, meso-scale analysis in areas that are somewhat removed from the facility, which includes the contribution of other mobile and stationary sources of pollution, and macro-scale analysis, extending from the regional to the glo