Predicted Auxiliary Navigation Mechanism of Peritrichously Flagellated Chemotactic Bacteria 英文参考文献.docVIP

PredictedAuxiliaryNavigationMechanismof PeritrichouslyFlagellatedChemotacticBacteria NikitaVladimirov1*,DirkLebiedz2,VictorSourjik3 1Interdisziplina¨res Zentrum fu¨r Wissenschaftliches Rechnen (IWR) der Universita¨t Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany, 2Zentrum fu¨r Biosystemanalyse (ZBSA) der Universita¨t Freiburg,Freiburg,Germany,3Zentrumfu¨rMolekulareBiologiederUniversita¨t Heidelberg,DKFZ-ZMBHAlliance,Heidelberg,Germany Abstract Chemotactic movement of Escherichia coli is one of the most thoroughly studied paradigms of simple behavior. Due to significantcompetitiveadvantageconferredbychemotaxisandtohighevolutionratesinbacteria,thechemotaxissystemis expected to be strongly optimized. Bacteria follow gradients by performing temporal comparisons of chemoeffector concentrations along their runs, a strategy which is most efficient given their size and swimming speed. Concentration differences are detected by a sensory system and transmitted to modulate rotation of flagellar motors, decreasing the probabilityofatumbleandreorientationiftheperceivedconcentrationchangeduringarunispositive.Suchregulationof tumble probability is of itself sufficient to explain chemotactic drift of a population up the gradient, and is commonly assumed to be the only navigation mechanism of chemotactic E. coli. Here we use computer simulations to predict existenceofanadditionalmechanismofgradientnavigationinE.coli.Basedontheexperimentallyobserveddependence ofcelltumblingangleonthenumberofswitchingmotors,wesuggestthatnotonlythetumblingprobabilitybutalsothe degreeofreorientationduringatumbledependontheswimmingdirectionalongthegradient.Althoughthedifferencein meantumblinganglesupanddownthegradientpredictedbyourmodelissmall,itresultsinadramaticenhancementof thecellulardriftvelocityalongthegradient.WethusdemonstrateanewlevelofoptimizationinE.colichemotaxis,which arisesfromtheswitchingofseveralflagellarmotorsandaresultingfinetuningoftumblingangle.Similarstrategyislikelyto beusedbyotherperitricho