住宅结构设计之砌体结构.doc

住宅结构设计之砌体结构 住宅结构设计之砌体结构提要：较钢筋混凝土结构节约水泥和钢材，砌筑时不需模板及特殊的技术设备，可节约木材。砌体结构的缺点是自重大、体积大 更多精品自财务 住宅结构设计之砌体结构 以砌体为主制作的结构称为砌体结构。它包括砖结构、石结构和其它材料的砌块结构。分为无筋砌体结构和配筋砌体结构。砌体结构在我国应用很广泛，这是因为它可以就地取材，具有很好的耐久性及较好的化学稳定性和大气稳定性，有较好的保温隔热性能。 较钢筋混凝土结构节约水泥和钢材，砌筑时不需模板及特殊的技术设备，可节约木材。砌体结构的缺点是自重大、体积大，砌筑工作繁重。由于砖、石、砌块和砂浆间粘结力较弱，因此无筋砌体的抗拉、抗弯及抗剪强度都很快。 由于其组成的基本材料和连接方式，决定了它的脆性性质，从而使其遭受地震时破坏较重，抗震性能很差，因此对多层砌体结构抗震设计需要采用构造柱、圈梁及其它拉结等构造措施以提高其延性和抗倒塌能力。此外，砖砌体所用粘土砖用量很大，占用农田土地过多，因此把实心砖改成空心砖，特别发展高孔洞率、高强度、大块的空心砖以节约材料，以及利用工业废料，如粉煤灰、煤渣或者混凝土制成空心砖块代替红砖等都是今后砌体结构的方向。 Measures for the routine management of moral education in Middle SchoolsMethod of conventional management of moral education in middle schoolFirst, the guiding ideology:School moral education is an organic whole of the whole education work, always adhere to the school adhere to the moral education, education for this product, and actively promote the quality education, the school building efficient curriculum system of moral education, moral education, improve the sense of attraction and appeal, enhance the moral education work for through and timeliness. Teach everyone, service education and management education, and school moral education work must be with family education and community education closely together, to form a concerted pattern, and strive to create a good atmosphere for education, and to promote the all-round development of students, to establish a scientific moral education full of vigor the For long-term mechanism.Two, the goal of moral education:To guide the students to form the correct world outlook, outlook on life, values, to cultivate students unity and mutual assistance, honest and trustworthy, law-abiding, good quality, hard work, set a good XX students ideological quality, psychological quality and image quality. The formation of excellent moral education curriculum system and management system, the construction of school. The society, family moral education network, to achieve full member education, environment