住宅结构设计方法.docVIP

住宅结构设计方法 住宅结构设计方法提要：概率设计法：将影响结构可靠度的主要因素看作随机变量，而且采用以统计为主确定的失效概率或可靠指标来度量结构可靠性的设计方法 住宅结构设计方法 结构设计的基本任务，是在结构的可靠与经济之间选择一种合理的平衡，力求以最低的代价，使所建造的结构在规定的条件下和规定的使用期限内，能满足预定的安全性、适用性和耐久性等功能要求。 为达到这个目的，人们采用过多种设计方法。以现代观点看，可划分为定值设计法和概率设计法两大类。 1．定值设计法。将影响结构可靠度的主要因素（如荷载、材料强度、几何参数、计算公式精度等）看作非随机变量，而且采用以经验为主确定的安全系数来度量结构可靠性的设计方法，即确定性方法。此方法要求任何情况下结构的荷载效应S（内力、变形、裂缝宽度等）不应大于结构抗力R（强度、刚度、抗裂度等），即S≤R。在20世纪70年代中期前，我国和国外主要都采用这种方法。 2．概率设计法：将影响结构可靠度的主要因素看作随机变量，而且采用以统计为主确定的失效概率或可靠指标来度量结构可靠性的设计方法，即非确定性方法。此方法要求按概率观念来设计结构，也就是出现结构荷载效应3大于结构抗力R（S＞R）的概率应小于某个可以接受的规定值。这种方法是20世纪40年代提出来的，至70年代后期在国际上已进入实用阶段。我国自80年代中期，结构设计方法开始由定值法向概率法过渡。 Measures for the routine management of moral education in Middle SchoolsMethod of conventional management of moral education in middle schoolFirst, the guiding ideology:School moral education is an organic whole of the whole education work, always adhere to the school adhere to the moral education, education for this product, and actively promote the quality education, the school building efficient curriculum system of moral education, moral education, improve the sense of attraction and appeal, enhance the moral education work for through and timeliness. Teach everyone, service education and management education, and school moral education work must be with family education and community education closely together, to form a concerted pattern, and strive to create a good atmosphere for education, and to promote the all-round development of students, to establish a scientific moral education full of vigor the For long-term mechanism.Two, the goal of moral education:To guide the students to form the correct world outlook, outlook on life, values, to cultivate students unity and mutual assistance, honest and trustworthy, law-abiding, good quality, hard work, set a good XX students ideological quality, psychological quality and image quality. The formation of excellent moral education curriculum system and management system, the construction of school. The soc