体外预应力的概念.docVIP

体外预应力的概念 体外预应力的概念提要：体外和体内预应力结构在结构构造上的根本区别就是预应力筋位于混凝土结构的外部，仅在锚固及转向块处可能与结构相连 更多精品源自制度 体外预应力的概念 体外预应力是后张预应力体系的重要分支之一,体外预应力砼结构有很多优点，预应力筋套管布置简单，调整容易，简化了后张法的操作程序，大大缩短了施工时间；同时由于预应力筋布置于腹板外面，使得浇注砼方便；由于预应力筋的位置，减少了施工过程中的摩擦损失且更换预应力筋方便易行。但目前国内对这一方面的研究很少，对于体外预应力筋的受力性能研究不多，因此为了使得体外预应力技术得到更大的使用，有必要对这一结构形式进行研究。 体外和体内预应力结构在结构构造上的根本区别就是预应力筋位于混凝土结构的外部，仅在锚固及转向块处可能与结构相连，因此，体外索的应力是由结构的整体变形所决定的；而在体内有粘结预应力结构中，力筋位于混凝土结构的内部，与结构完全粘结，在任意截面处都与结构变形协调，因此力筋的应力是与某个混凝土截面息息相关的。传统上来说，体内预应力筋是不被看作一个单独构件的。而体外筋在混凝土体外，自然成为一个相对于组成结构整体的单独构件，其较体内筋要重要许多。所以在承受动力荷载的体外预应力结构设计中，必须考虑到体外筋与结构是独立振动的，应防止二者共振，而且当体外预应力筋在动力荷载（如车辆等）作用下发生共振时，就易发生锚具的疲劳破坏和转向构件处的预应力筋的弯折疲劳破坏。在地震区时设计还必须考虑采取相应措施，提高体外预应力结构的抗震性能。 Measures for the routine management of moral education in Middle SchoolsMethod of conventional management of moral education in middle schoolFirst, the guiding ideology:School moral education is an organic whole of the whole education work, always adhere to the school adhere to the moral education, education for this product, and actively promote the quality education, the school building efficient curriculum system of moral education, moral education, improve the sense of attraction and appeal, enhance the moral education work for through and timeliness. Teach everyone, service education and management education, and school moral education work must be with family education and community education closely together, to form a concerted pattern, and strive to create a good atmosphere for education, and to promote the all-round development of students, to establish a scientific moral education full of vigor the For long-term mechanism.Two, the goal of moral education:To guide the students to form the correct world outlook, outlook on life, values, to cultivate students unity and mutual assistance, honest and trustworthy, law-abiding, good quality, hard work, set a good XX students ideological quality, psychological quality and image quality. The formation of excellent moral education curriculum system and man