2014届高考英语一轮复习配套课件module5sectionⅰ《introductionreadingpre-reading》（外研版选修6）.pptVIP

* Module 5 Cloning Section Ⅰ Introduction Reading — Pre-reading Step 4 Step 3 Step 2 Step 1 Step 5 1．What is the reason for Dollys death? 2．What are people worried about cloning? Dolly was the first mammal to have been successfully cloned from an adult cell. Dolly was formed by taking a cell from the udder of her biological mother. Her embryo(胚胎) was created by taking the cell and inserting it into a sheep ovum (卵子). The embryo was then placed inside a female sheep that went through a normal pregnancy. She was cloned at the Roslin Institute in Scotland and lived there from her birth in 1996 until her death in 2003 when she was six. Her stuffed remains were placed at Edinburghs Royal Museum, part of the National Museums of Scotland. Cloning Dolly the sheep had a low success rate per fertilized egg (受精卵); she was born after 237 eggs were used to create 29 embryos, which only produced three lambs at birth, only one of which lived. Seventy calves have been created and one third of them died young. Prometea took 277 attempts. Notably, although the first clones were frogs, no adult cloned frog has yet been produced from a somatic adult nucleus donor cell. There were early claims that Dolly the sheep had pathologies(病理) resembling accelerated aging (加速老化). Scientists speculated that Dollys death in 2003 was related to the shortening of telomeres (端粒)．However, other researchers, including Ian Wilmut who led the team that successfully cloned Dolly, argue that Dollys early death due to respiratory infection(呼吸感染) was unrelated to shortcomings of the cloning process. Many people knew Dolly as a failed scientific experiment where scientists tried to control the balance of nature. Her death created awareness and allowed many people to question the ethical(伦理) limits regarding cloning. People are mostly concerned about the risks that cloned foods may have on human health and the environment (Jesper Lassen, 2005). They f