Dioecious Silene latifolia plants show sexual dimorphism in the vegetative stage.docVIP

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Dioecious Silene latifolia plants show sexual dimorphism in the vegetative stage.doc

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Dioecious Silene latifolia plants show sexual dimorphism in the vegetative stage

Zluvovaetal.BMCPlantBiology2010,10:208 /1471-2229/10/208 RESEARCH ARTICLE OpenAccess DioeciousSilenelatifoliaplantsshowsexual dimorphisminthevegetativestage JitkaZluvova*,JiriZak,BohuslavJanousek,BorisVyskot Abstract Background:Priortothisstudy,nodifferencesingeneexpressionbetweenmaleandfemaledioeciousplantsin thevegetativestatehadbeendetected.Amongdioeciousplantsdisplayingsexualdimorphism,Silenelatifoliais oneofthemoststudiedspecies.AlthoughmanysexuallydimorphictraitshavebeendescribedinS.latifolia,allof themarequantitative,andtheyusuallybecomeapparentonlyaftertheinitiationofflowering. Results:WepresentRT-PCR-basedevidencethatinS.latifolia,sexualdimorphismingeneexpressionispresent longbeforetheinitiationofflowering.WedescribethreeESTsthatshowsex-specific(twomalespecificandone femalespecific)transcriptionattherosettestagebeforethefirstfloweringseason. Conclusions:Toourknowledge,thisstudyprovidesthefirstmolecularevidenceofearlypre-floweringsexual dimorphisminangiosperms. Background switchofmaleorfemaleflowerprogramhavebeenalso Sexualdimorphism(thesystematicdifferenceinformor identified[12,13]. othertrait(s)notpresentinsexualorgansbetweenindi- The differential expression of some genes probably viduals ofdifferent sexinthesamespecies) isawidely results from different modes of selection operating in studied phenomenon in animal models [1] and in malesandfemales:malesarelimitedintheirreproduc- humans[2].Muchlessisknownaboutsexualdimorph- tive success by access to mates, whereas females are isminvasculardioeciousplants(reviewedin[3]). morelimitedbyresources[14].Inanimals,theevolution Amongvascularplantsdisplayingsexualdimorphism, ofthesexualdimorphismisprimarilydrivenbycompe- Silene latifolia is (together with Fragaria virginiana - titionbetweenmalesandselectionfortraitsrecognized [4])themoststudiedspecies.Thefirststudyonsexually by females as marks of male fitness (reviewed in [15]). dimorphictraitsinS.latifoliawa