英语国家社会和文化入门(上)Unit20FromRacismtoMulticulturalism.pptVIP

Unit 20 From Racism to Multiculturalism Ethnicity and immigration? (种族特点与移民) Migration has accounted for up to 50% of Australia’s population increase. During the middle of the 19th century migrants were predominantly British and those who benefited from assisted migration(资助移民计划) were almost all from Britain. The gold rushes from the 1850s attracted large numbers of non-assisted migrants (非资助移民) from Germany and China. By the 1870s, the Chinese constituted the 3rd largest group in Australia, after the British and Germans. Pacific Islanders were kidnapped and brought to North Queensland to be sold as indentured labourers to work in the sugar industry (太平洋岛民被绑架到昆士兰北部卖给蔗糖业做包身工). But later the Pacific Island Labourers Act 1901 requested that Pacific Islanders should be sent back to heir home islands (1901年的《太平洋岛国劳工法案》要求太平洋岛民被遣送回自己的岛国) After the 2nd World War, the Labor Government introduced a massive program of assisted immigration (大规模的移民计划), aimed at supporting a large scale expansion of the economy, defend Australia against the threat of Eastern Communism and keep Australia “white and free”(目的是支持经济的大规模扩张, 保卫澳大利亚免受东方共产主义的威胁，保持澳大利亚的种族纯净和自由). The preferred migrant groups were British, followed by other northern, then southern and central Europeans. White Australia Policy　(白澳政策) This badge from 1906 shows the use of the expression White Australia at that time The White Australia policy comprises various historical policies that intentionally restricted non-white immigration to Australia from 1901 to 1973. Competition in the goldfields, labour disputes and Australian nationalism created an environment of racial antagonism during the second half of the 19th century which led to the passage of the Immigration Restriction Act in 1901, one of the first Acts of the new national parliament upon federation. The passage of this bill is considered the commencement of the White Australia Policy as Australian government policy. Subsequent acts further strengthened the policy