聪明人的6个好习惯.docVIP

6 Brainy Habits of the Wisest People 尽管智商可能是先天的，但是智慧却绝对是能通过后天努力习得的。下面请看适用任何年龄段的6种健脑方法。 Although people value intelligence—understanding, reasoning, the ability to learn—they also respect wisdom, or the knowledge and experience that we accumulate over a lifetime. Cognitive scientists call the former “fluid intelligence, ” which does reduce somewhat during adulthood, and the latter “crystallized intelligence, ” which generally improves with age. In some ways, wisdom is like beauty: we value it, we desire it, we know it when we see it, but it is nearly impossible to pin down such an ethereal quality. But researchers have tried—and here’s what they’ve found. The Definition of Wisdom In the late 1980s, the Berlin Wisdom Project at the Max Planck Institute for Human Development defined wisdom as having: * Intellectual knowledge * Factual knowledge * Superior judgment * Excellent problem-solving skills * The ability to learn from experience * Humility * Emotional resilience, or the ability to rebound from a setback * Openness, or the maturity to be comfortable allowing the world to see you as you really are * A deep understanding of human nature, including empathy for people who are different or from other cultures Dont have all these qualities? Almost everyone has the capacity to become wiser, especially if you strengthen these six habits that the wisest people all share in common. They work at being social. Studies show that people who stay connected to others demonstrate higher levels of wisdom than those who are more isolated. Make an effort to join a new club, reconnect with far-flung friends on Facebook, or invite an old friend or new co-worker for coffee. Next time you’re at a party or gathering, single out someone who’s standing alone and strike up a conversation. People generally love to talk about themselves; you, on the other hand, have a harder job: to listen closely. They practice being open-minded. Wisdom involves being able to understand a