中考英语-被动语态及练习.docVIP

初中英语被动语态复习 一、被动语态概述 语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。 英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用被、受、给等词来表示被动意义。 如：He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。（主动语态） The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。（被动语态） 二、被动语态的构成 考点：谓语动词助动词be+及物动词的过去分词。 1、被动语态的时态较常见的八种： 1) 一般现在时am/is/are +done (过去分词) 　　例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 2）现在完成时 has /have been done 　　例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and were ready to start.　　3）现在进行时 am/is /are being done 　　例A new cinema is being built here．　　4）一般过去时 was/were done 　　例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.　　5）过去完成时 had been done 　　例By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing 6）过去进行时was/were being done 　　例A meeting was being held when I was there.　　7）一般将来时 shall/will be done　　8）过去将来时 should/would be done/　　例The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived. 2、被动语态的句式变化： 　 3、含有情态动词的被动语态 　情态动词的被动语态结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词； 否定：情态动词+not+be+过去分词 一般疑问：情态动词......+be+过去分词？ 如：Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。 　Tables could be made of stone at that time. 那时桌子可由石头制造。（一般过去时） 　Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石头制造吗？（疑问句） 三、主动语态变为被动语态 1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤： 　（1）将主动句的宾语变为主语： 注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，在被动语态中需将其变为主格。 如：Tom killed him. → He was killed by Tom. 　（2）将动词改为be+过去分词，并与时态相结合。 　 They held a meeting yesterday. → A meeting was held by them yesterday.　他们昨天开会了。 　（3）将主动语态的主语改为by…放在谓语动词后。 　注意：如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。　 He sang a song. → A song was sung by him. 2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项： 　 含有双宾语，即直接宾语（常指事物）和间接宾语（常指人）的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。 　Jack told us the truth.杰克告诉了我们真相。We were told the truth by Jack. The truth was told (to) us by Jack. 四、动词的主动形式表示被动之意 　系动词无被动语态：以主动形式表示被动之意 常见的系动词有： ① be动词 ② ……起来（7个）：look/seem/appear, feel(感觉，摸起来), sound, smell, taste e.g. She seems/appears happy. It smells terrible. ③ (逐渐)变得/变成