2018年高考英语（考点解读+命题热点突破）专题02 代词和介词.doc

专题02 代词和介词 【考向解读】 代词是用来代替名词或名词短语的词类。在单项填空考查中主要考查人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定 代词以及it的特殊用法、代词的辨析、代词与否定词构成的否定与半否定等。对介词的考查主要集中在介词的基本用法上，最常见的是介词短语的考查及介词的固定搭配。 【命题热点突破一】 人称代词、物主代词、指示代词和反身代词 例1、Half of ________ surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friend to share their deepest wishes and darkest fears. A．these B．some C．ones D．those 答案：D 1．在没有谓语动词的句子中，人称代词常用宾格。 —Glad to meet you.——很高兴见到你。 —Me，too.——我也是。 —I’d like to go to climb the mountain this weekend. ——这个周末我想去爬山。 —Me，too.——我也想去。 2．形容词性物主代词通常在句中作定语。名词性物主代词通常在句中起名词作用，可以作主语、宾语和表语。名词 性 物主代词相当于名词，不能用于名词之前。 We took our fishing pole and headed for the lake. 我们带上鱼竿朝湖走去。 This camera is mine and that is yours. 这部相机是我的，那个是你的。 3．反身代词的用法： (1)反身代词可以在be，feel，look，seem 等系动词后作表语，表示身体或精神状态。 She is not quite herself today.她今天身体不太舒服。 (2)含有反身代词的习惯用语： 介词＋反身代词：by oneself单独地，独自地；for oneself亲自，为自己 动词＋反身代词：devote oneself to 致力于；apply oneself to 专心致志于；enjoy oneself 过得愉快;help oneself to 随便吃；随便用；make yourself at home 不拘束；seat oneself 坐下；behave oneself 举止得体； come to oneself恢复知觉； 苏醒过来；adapt/adjust oneself to适应于；abandon oneself to沉迷于，放纵于；express oneself 表达某人的思想；lose oneself in(＝be lost in迷失)；say to oneself心里想；talk to oneself自言自语 4．指示代词常见用法有：指上文提到的事，一般用that或 those；指下文或将要提到的事物，常用this或these。此外，this在电话用语中作自我介绍，that则为询问对方；this和 that还用作副词，相当于so。 Those are the facts；what do you conclude from them? 那些都是事实，你能从中得出什么结论？ They are happy to learn in their own language，and that makes them eager to know more.他们很高兴能用自己的语 言学习，这就激发了他们的求知欲。 习惯搭配有： that is to say＝that is... 也就是说…… That’s it! 正是如此！对了！ That’s enough. 那就够了。 That’s that. 就这么决定了。 【变式探究】 —Mike，you don’t seem to be quite________ today. —Well，I hardly slept last night.I was preparing for a report. A．itself B．yourself C．you D．ourselves 答案：B 【命题热点突破二】 it的用法 例2、(2015·高考浙江卷，T12)How would you like ________ if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you？　 A．them B．one C．those D．i