铣削加工过程振动监测及的分析.docxVIP

南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文 摘要 高速铣削加工过程中的振动会降低工件加工表面的质量，影响加工的精度，并缩短刀具 乃至机床的使用寿命。振动的大小会随着切削参数改变而改变，因此有必要对切削参数与铣 削振动的关系作研究。 论文在对切削振动的信号采集方法、虚拟仪器的优越性分析研究的基础上，开发了基于 虚拟仪器的切削振动监测和分析系统，对开发中的关键问题及解决方法进行了阐述。 以实际加工零件为研究对象，研究了整个工艺系统的动态特性，设计了改变进给速度、 切削深度和主轴转速的单因素试验，并对加工中的加速度信号进行了采集，用以研究铣削过 程中切削参数与铣削振动之间的关系。 研究了振动信号的时域和频域分析方法，针对振动试验数据分别采用时域、频率（FFT） 及时频联合分析方法对振动数据进行分析。通过试验数据研究实际零??铣削加工过程中的振 动,分析加工过程中的振动原因以及影响的因素。提取实际零件的结构特征，进行铣削试验， 验证实际零件加工过程中得到的相关结论。 最后，结合试验研究的结果分析薄壁零件的加工工艺，通过加工工艺的改进来减轻薄壁 零件加工中的振动，并给出了适合零件铣削的工艺参数。 关键词：铣削振动，数据采集，薄壁零件，振动分析，切削参数 i 铣削加工过程的振动监测与分析 Abstract The vibration that appears in the milling process can cause the poor quality of the workpiece’s surface, fall of machining precision and reduce longevity of service of cutting tool and machine tool. The vibration changes when the milling parameters change. It is necessary to do research on the relationship between milling parameters and vibration. Based on the research of vibration signal acquisition method and the advantage of virtual instrument, the vibration signal acquisition and analysis system using the virtual instrument platform LabVIEW is developed. The functions of each module in the data acquisition system and key technology are introduced. The machining part is selected as the objects studied. A great deal of experiments, in each of which only one of milling parameters is changed, such as feeding speed, rotating speed or cutting depth, are designed to investigate the relationship between milling parameters and milling vibration. The vibration signal is been acquired. The analysis method both in time domain and frequency domain are researched. The relationship between milling parameters and milling vibration is obtained by analyzing the vibration data using time domain, FFT and STFT(Short-Time Fourier Transform) analysis method. The experiments are conducted on the machining parts. The vibration data are acquired using the vibration signal acquisition and analysis system. Then, in order to consolidate the conclusio