2英语词汇学第二章词素.pptVIP

Chapter IIIMorphological structure of English words词的形态结构 ? Main contents 1. morpheme 2.classification of morpheme 3. stem 4. base 5.allomorph Aim of learning the forms of English words ---acquainted with the forms of words ---know the fundamental part of words --- guess the meaning of words --- know how to appreciate words used in different discourses 1. morpheme: 词素、形素 ---the smallest meaningful unit of form. It is an association of a given meaning with a given sound pattern. (possess sound meaning) Morphemes are used to form words. e.g: hunk (1) beastly (2) sheep ish (2) un ex cept ion able ness 火 / 车 （1） 车辆 /菜谱 （2） 2.classification of morpheme * two types of classification 2.1.free morpheme/ bound morpheme 粘着语素 ---free morpheme: ---stand alone without changing its meaning. e.g: elite, rage 灯， 走 ---bound morpheme: ---can not stand alone as a complete utterance e.g: childish hopeful 第， 初 ，老 2.2 roots affixes A.---root: ---the basic unchangeable part of a word which conveys the fundamental meaning of the word and can not be further analyzed. e.g. work, workable, worker ---free root =(free morpheme) ---can stand alone without changing its meaning ---bound root: (属于bound morpheme) ---a root that carries the core meaning of the word but can not stand alone as a complete utterance e.g: theory, theoretical--- theor- B. affix— a collective term for the type of morphemes that can be used only when added to another morpheme. (affixational /bound morpheme) affix : (function) -- inflectional affix 屈折词缀 -- derivational affix 派生词缀 inflectional affix (morpheme) --express the meaning of plurality, tense and comparative or superla