复旦国际贸易英文课件01.pptVIP

Map of Migration Now that we have introduced international trade, we need to introduce migration and FDI. Figure 1.5 shows a map of the number of migrants around the world. Values shown are number of persons in 2000 who were living (legally or illegally) in a country different from where they were born. The bolder the line, the more migrants Map of Migration Figure 1.5 Foreign-Born Migrants, 2000 (millions) Map of Migration FIGURE 1-6 Foreign-Born Migrants, 2005 (millions) This figure shows the number of foreign-born migrants living in selected countries and regions of the world for 2005 in millions of people. Map of Migration Unlike trade, the majority of migration occurs outside the OECD between countries that are less wealthy. Many immigrants come from same continent but move countries for employment or other reasons. Given a choice, migrants would like to move to a higher-wage country. Unlike trade, there are much more significant regulations on migration. Flow of people between countries is much less free than the flow of goods. Map of Migration Policy makers fear that immigrants from low-wage countries will drive down wages for a country’s own lower-skilled workers. However, international trade can act as a substitute for movements of capital and labor across borders. Trade can raise the living standard of workers in the same way that moving to a higher-wage country can. As trade has increased worldwide, more workers are able to work in export industries. This allows them to benefit from trade without moving to another country. Map of Migration European Immigration Wealthier countries typically have greater immigration restrictions. The EU, up to 2004, had an open migration policy between member countries. In 2004, ten more countries joined; these countries had incomes significantly less than the existing members. Fears of labor inflow led to significant policy disagreements. As less wealthy countries have been joining the EU, the wealthier count