遗传学精要—谢雄泽.pptVIP

Topic The process of termination  终止的过程 Summary * * 目 录 * 目 录 * The termination of translation 谢雄泽 农学1003班 —翻译的终止 Key words Key words polypeptide [,p?l?pepta?d] n. [生化] 多肽，缩多氨酸 E.coli [i:k?ulai] n.大肠(杆)菌 eukaryote [ju?k?r???t] n. 真核生物 prokaryote [pr??k?r???t; -?t] n.原核生物 synthetic [s?nθet?k] adj. 综合的；合成的，人造的 n. 合成物 ribosome [ra?b?(?)s??m] n.[生化] 核糖体；[生化] 核蛋白体 dissociate [d?so??et] vt. 游离；使分离；分裂 vi. 游离；分离；分裂 transpeptidase [tr?nsp?pt?dez] n. 转肽酶 esterase [est?re?z] n. [生化] 酯酶 cytoplasm [sa?t?(?)pl?z(?)m] n. [细胞] 细胞质 Translation ends when a termination codon enters the A site. Release factors enter the A site and cause release of the polypetide. In E.coli RF1,2 and 3 cause termination. In eukaryotes a single protein ,eRF,is involved. Following termination the ribosome dissociates and the mRNA is released. 当终止密码子进入核蛋白体A部位的时候翻译结束。释放因子进入A部位，多肽被释放出来。在大肠杆菌中，释放因子RF1，RF2，RF3导致终止的发生。在真核生物中，则是一种蛋白质eRF与翻译的终止有关。伴随着终止的发生，核蛋白体分离，mRNA被释放出来。 　They are the codon that cant be recognized normally by any tRNA, but can be combined by special protein to cause a new synthetic peptide chain released from translation machines. They are UAG, UGA and UAA. 　　任何的tRNA都不能正常识别，但是可以被特别的蛋白质结合并引起新合成的肽链从翻译机器上释放的密码子。他们分别是ＵＡＧ，ＵＧＡ和ＵＡＡ。 Termination codon 终止密码子 What is the termination codon？ The protein factor is related to termination called release factor. It can identify protein which termination codon cause complete peptide chains and ribosomes release from mRNA. 与终止相关的蛋白因子称为释放因子。它可以识别终止密码子引起完整的肽链和核糖体从mRNA上释放的蛋白质。 Prokaryotes(原核生物) release factor：RF-1，RF-2，RF-3 . Eukaryotes(真核生物 )relea