Cracks and Repairs of R.C Structures裂缝与结构维修.docVIP

Cracks and Repairs of R.C Structures Cracks in building Structural cracks due to incorrect design faulty construction Overloading Non Structural cracks Moisture changes Thermal movement Elastic deformation Creep Chemical reaction Foundation movement and settlement of soil Vegetation Non Structural cracks: Moisture Changes Building materials expand on absorbing moisture and shrink on drying. These are generally reversible. Shrinkage in concrete or mortar depends on a number of factors Cement concrete: Richer the mix greater is the drying shrinkage. Water content: More water in mix induces greater shrinkage Aggregates : Large aggregates with good grading has less shrinkage for same workability as less water is used Curing: If proper curing starts as soon as initial set has taken place and continued for 7 to 10 days, shrinkage is comparatively less. Excessive fines: More fines in aggregate requires more water for same workability and hence more shrinkage. Temperature: Concrete made in hot weather needs more water for same workability and hence results in more shrinkage. Some Measures for controlling shrinkage Shrinkage in plastering can be reduced by ensuring proper adhesion. The plastered should not be stronger than the back ground. Shrinkage cracks in masonry can be minimized by avoiding use of rich cement mortar and by delaying plastering till masonry has dried after proper curing and has undergone most of its initial shrinkage. Thermal Movement . The cracking of a typical structure due to thermal movement is given in figure below. In case of framed buildings due to thermal movement frames are distorted and cracks may appear as shown in figure below. Prevention of Thermal Cracks To prevent thermal cracks expansion joints, control joints and joints in case of change of shape and direction of wing in a structure are to be provided. General guide lines to provide movement joints Elastic Deformation Creep Building items such as concrete and brick work when