托福阅读长难句要注意因果关系词.docxVIP

智课网TOEFL备考资料 托福阅读长难句要注意因果关系词 摘要： 托福阅读长难句要注意因果关系词，在托福考试中不少同学在遇到一些长难句子时而感到难以理解，不知道该怎么把他们关联起来，下面小马过河为同学们整理了在遇到长难句时要注意对于因果关系和对比转折关系的词的把握。  很多考生在准备 托福 考试的时候，总会发现部分 托福考试 中的句子远远超出了自己的能力范围。这就是我们所说的 托福阅读 长难句，托福长难句在考试中最直接的运用就是考察插入句子题和解释句子题，下面， 小马 过河就为大家介绍攻克托福阅读长难句的四种逻辑关系。  1.因果关系  因：because, because of, for, as, since, in that,on account of, with  果：so, so that, therefore, thereby, as a result,hence, thus, consequently, accordingly  因???关系除了传统意义上的显性因果表达词外，隐性的因果同样是不可忽略的一个重要部分。  隐性因果：  A 导致(因-果)：cause, reason, lead to, give rise to, result in, render, make, let, ask,support, push, stimulate, spark, spur, fuel, produce, be responsible for  如：The increased pressures of expanding populations have led to the removal of woodyplants so that many cities and towns are surrounded by large areas completely lacking in treesand shrubs.  在这段话中，有lead to，表示了导致的意思，即结果;而so that 更进一步表示了后面的结果，所以可以充分判定这段话有因果关系的逻辑。  B 由…而来(果-因)：result from, derive from, originate from, initiate from, stem from, beresponsive to, be attributable to  如：“The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land andtremendous numbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing oreven slowing the process.”  在这段话中，根据result from可以推断出有因果关系，那如果是解释句子题时，选项中有因果关系就可以优先考虑。  C 反映，体现(果-因)：reflect, present, demonstrate, suggest, imply, show This resultdemonstrates that…  D 考虑到：given, considering, in view of, thanks to, according to He succeeded thanks to (inview of) his effort.  E 依赖于：rely on, depend on, resort to, He resorted to books when he had problems.  F 条件关系：when, once, as soon as, as long as As soon as he got the money, he wouldleave the country at once.  G 分词短语，不定式做状语：Failing in the final exam, she cried.  2.对比转折关系  A 对比：while, whereas, on the other hand  在解释句子题、插入句子题中，一旦出现对比关系，学生在掌握的基础上就能非常快速的判定句间和句内的关系。While, wher