土木常识(国外英文资料).doc

土木知识(国外英文资料) Knowledge of the history, present situation and future development of civil engineering Ancient civil engineering The ancient civil engineering project has a long span of time, and it roughly ranges from the neolithic period of 5000 BC to the middle of the 17th century, about 7000 years ago. We have achieved great achievements in building buildings, Bridges, water conservancy projects and high tower projects. Some of the masterpieces of some ancient civilizations have stood firm. For example, the Great Wall of our country, the pyramids of Egypt, etc. Founded in the sixth century, zhaozhou bridge, the earliest open shoulder arch bridge in the world, was chosen by the American society of civil engineering in 1991 as the worlds 12th civil engineering milestone. 1.1.2 modern civil engineering The time span of modern civil engineering dates from the middle of the 17th century to the middle of the 20th century, about 300 years. During this period, the building materials from is given priority to with natural materials into with artificial material is given priority to, also from the main building theory to summarize the long-term construction experience to pay attention to scientific experience. Construction technology, some of the large mechanical performance is accompanied by the emergence of a variety of extremely effective construction method, makes people started to build complex structure or civil engineering conditions. The construction of the Eiffel Tower, the Empire State Building and the golden gate suspension bridge is still a great civil engineering project. 1.1.3 modern civil engineering Modern civil engineering began in the middle of the 20th century. To this day, civil engineering has made tremendous progress in building materials, structural theory and building technology. In building materials, high strength concrete, high strength low alloy steel, high polymer materials and steel glass are increasingly appearing in architecture. Structure t