大学化学（梁永晔）Lecture 3-1.pdfVIP

Chem 101: General Chemistry 化学原理 Monday 14:00 – 15:50, Room 110 Wednesday 8:00-9:50, Room 110 Lecture 3 September 10, 2014 For SUSTC, Chem 101 – 2014 use only, no redistribution. 1.If matter is uniform throughout and cannot be separated into other substances by physical means, it is A. a heterogeneous mixture B. an element C. a homogeneous mixture D. a compound E. either an element or a compound 2. Which one of the following species has as many electrons as it has neutrons? A. 1H B. 14C2+ C. 14C D. 19F- E. 40Ca2+ Solution – Homogeneous Mixture Homogeneous mixtures are uniform throughout, they are solutions. E.g., clean air or vinegar. Heterogeneous mixtures do not have uniform composition, properties and appearance, e.g., sand Significant Figures – Zero 1. Nonzero numbers and zeros between nonzero numbers (ie. imbedded zeros) are always significant. 2. Zeros before the first nonzero digit (ie. leading zeros) are not significant. (Example: 0.0026 has two significant figures.) 3. Zeros at the end of the number after a decimal point are significant. 4. Zeros at the end of a number before a decimal point are ambiguous (e.g., 10,300 g). Exponential notation, such as scientific notation, eliminates this ambiguity. 23.560 5 Trailing zeros are significant when a decimal point is shown. 1000 1 Trailing zeros are not considered significant when no decimal point is shown. 1000. 4 Showing the decimal point indicates that the preceding zeros are significant. Chapter 3 Stoichiometry Calculations with Chemical Formulas and Equations Stoichiometry (化学计量) ] \ ˌstɔɪkiˈɒmɪtri\ The quantitative nature of chemical formulas and reactions is called stoi