抗稻瘟病基因定位与克隆及其在分子育种上的应用_王丹.pdfVIP

Modern Food 工程技术 抗稻瘟病基因定位与克隆及其 在分子育种上的应用 ◎王　丹，肖应辉 （湖南农业大学农学院，湖南　长沙　410128） Wang Dan，Xiao Yinghui （Hunan agriculture university，Hunan　Changsha　410128,China） 摘　要：稻瘟病是影响水稻生产最严重的病害之一。它是由真菌病原物 Magnaporthe oryzae 引起的。 控制稻瘟病经济、有效和环保的方法是利用水稻品种的抗性。水稻（Oryza sativa）基因组测序已经完成， 加速了稻瘟病抗性基因鉴定和克隆。至今，已经报道了 69 个稻瘟病抗性基因位点上的 86 个主效抗性基因， 其中 25 个稻瘟病抗性基因已被克隆。本文概述了迄今已定位及克隆的稻瘟病抗性基因，以及利用 DNA 分 子标记加速抗瘟水稻品种选育的进展，并对当前抗性基因在育种上应用所面临的问题进行探讨。 关键词：稻瘟病；主效抗性基因；抗性基因位点；分子标记；分子标记辅助育种 Abstract： Rice blast, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most devastating dise-ases affecting rice production. The most worthwhile, effective and environment-friendly w-ay to against this disease is use of resistance of rice cultivars. For the moment, the geno-mic sequences of Oryza sativa has been available. Identifying and cloning blast resistance genes are accelerated. To date, 86 major blast resistance genes distributed on 69 quantitati-ve trait locus for against to the pathogen have been identified by genetic analysis. Of them, nine major blast resistance genes in rice have been cloned. This review focuses on the recent progress on molecular mapping and cloning of blast resistance genes and the appl-ication of DNA-based markers that are used for accelerating the development of blast resi- stant rice cultivars. In addition, the problem of use of them on breeding at present is also discussed. Key words： Rice blast; Resistance gene; Quantitative trait locus; Molecular m-ark; Molecular mark assisted breeding 中图分类 ： 号 TS201.1 XIANDAISHIPIN 现代食品 / 67 工程技术 Modern Food 不同抗谱的稻瘟病抗性基因聚合到同一个品种中， 水稻（Oryza sativa）作为世界上主要的粮食作