Week与1_Introduction.pptVIP

3S 技术的发展及其应用;一、3S技术的重要性;二、GIS的历史;late 1960s Canada Geographic Information System (information on agriculture, forestry, recreation, census divisions, . . .) U.S. Census GBF DIME (Geographic Base File Dual Independent Map Encoding) file concept was developed Utility companies started using automated mapping and facilities management systems (AMFM) 1970s - Wide spread government and private sector use;1980s and 1990s- maturation of the technology Display devices evolved from storage tubes to refresh graphics and from vector to high speed raster Color graphics displays allowed more features and attributes to be displayed printers provide inexpensive and fast output GIS infrastructure emerges-books, journals, organizations, NCGIA web based data and GIS applications;GIS is a multi-billion-dollar industry (ESRI, Intergraph) It employs hundreds of thousands of people worldwide GIS is taught in schools, colleges, and universities throughout the world. Professionals in every field are increasingly aware of the advantages of thinking and working geographically.; 1826 Joseph Niepce makes the first permanent photographic images on metal plate coated with an emulsion of bitumen of Judea (a kind of asphalt).; 1858 Gaspard Tournachon (Nadar) made the first aerial photograph near Paris from a balloon tethered at an altitude of 80 meters.; 1862 During the Civil War in America, the Union Army tried to utilize balloon photography for tactical reconnaissance.; 1863-1903 — Aerial photo acquisition using kites, rockets, pigeons, and gliders.; 1903 — Wright brothers’ first flight; 1909 The first aerial photograph from an airplane was taken over Centocelli, Italy. Wilbur Wright was the pilot. 51 years after the first airphoto from a balloon. 1914-1918 Aerial photography played a decisive role as a tactical reconnaissance tool during World War I.; 1936 Eastman Kodak Company and Agfa introduce commercially-available color film. 1937 USDA began photographing selected c