平板消解、微波消解与石墨消解―石墨炉原子吸收法测定土壤中镉.docVIP

平板消解、微波消解和石墨消解―石墨炉原子吸收法测定土壤中的镉 　　摘要 采用平板消解法、微波消解法和石墨消解法对土壤样品进行预处理，采用石墨炉原子吸收法测定土壤中镉的含量，研究了4个土壤标准物质（GSS-3、GSS-27、GSS-5、GSS-18）的精密度和准确度，结果表明：平板消解法、微波消解法和石墨消解法的检出限、精密度和准确度均能满足土壤检测的要求，石墨消解法仪器设备较先进，集加酸、消解、赶酸、定容功能于一体，具有更好的精密度和准确度 关键词 平板消解法；微波消解法；石墨消解法；石墨炉原子吸收法；镉 中图分类号 X833 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739（2016）20-0149-02 Determination of Cadmium in Soil by Plate Digestion，Microwave Digestion and Graphite Digestion-Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry MAO Hui 1，2 YAO Jun 3 WU Jing 1，2 （1 Taizhou Environmental Monitoring Central Station of Jiangsu Province，Taizhou Jiangsu 225300； 2 Key Laboratory of Soil Organic Matter in Jiangsu Province； 3 Hailing Precinct of Taizhou Environmental Protection Bureau） Abstract The soil samples were pretreated by plate digestion method，microwave digestion method and graphite digestion method，and cadmium content in the soil was determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The differences of the three pretreatment methods were discussed by precision and accuracy of four soil standard substance（GSS-3、GSS-27、GSS-5、GSS-18）.The results showed that the detection limit，precision and accuracy of the plate digestion method，microwave digestion method and graphite digestion method could meet the requirements of soil testing. Graphite digestion method had a better precision and accuracy for its advanced instruments and equipment，set with plus acid，digestion，catch acid，constant volume functions in one，with. Key words plate digestion method；microwave digestion method；graphite digestion method；graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry；cadmium 镉是一种稀有分散元素，未经污染的土壤中镉主要来源于成土的母质，一般在世界范围内土壤中镉的含量为0.01～2.00 mg/kg，中位值0.35 mg/kg[1]。镉常用于电镀、油漆着色剂、塑料稳定剂、光敏元件的制备以及电池生成等行业，这些行业的发展必然导致大量的镉进入土壤、水体和大气环境中[2-3]。镉是毒性最强的重金属元素之一，危害极其严重，土壤中过量的镉会抑制植物的正常生长，在可食部分的残留还会通过食物链影响到人体健康[4-5]。镉具有较强的致癌、致畸和致突变作用，如闻名的十大公害病之一的“骨痛病”就是人体吸食了超标的镉导致的[6-7]。因此，长期以来，国内外对镉污染及其环境行为十分关注 目前，镉的测定方法主要有石墨炉原子吸收法和电感耦合等离子体质谱法[8-10]，这2种方法灵敏度高，检出限低，均能满足土壤中较低含量镉的测定要求，但是