Aimgoalobjective区别.pptVIP

AimGoalObjective在字典中的释义 AimGoalObjective在字典中的释义 An?objective?is a measurable, observable behavior of less than a days duration; A?goal?is the outcome of a series of successfully completed objectives, possibly measured over a series of days; While an?aim?is an expression of a long-term purpose, usually over the course of one or more years. (----Wikipedia) 教学目标是aims?goals?objectives? References: Aims Goals Objectives AimGoalObjective在字典中的释义 *1.Aim: (noun) the purpose of doing sth; what sb. is trying to achieve.目的；目标。 *2. Goal:(noun) something that you hope to achieve.目标，目的。 Objectives are the primary building blocks of good curriculum design. They support the learning outcome in that each is a small step in arriving at what the learner is supposed to know or be able to do. Objectives: * Define specific outcomes or competencies to be achieved in terms of skills, content mastery, attitudes, or values. * Form the basis upon which to select or design instruction materials, content, or techniques. * Provide the basis for determining or assessing when the instruction purpose has been accomplished . * Provide a framework within which a learner can organize his efforts to complete the learning tasks. Tips: Aims objectives Broad statement specific General intention precise intangible tangible abstract concrete General hard to measure measurable Comparison: 学者观点: *施良方、崔允漷认为Goals和Aims指的是目的，Objectives才指目标。他们指出，Objective一词原意是流水线上生产出的产品，把这个词引入教育领域，体现出用预期达到的教育结果支配教育行动的思想。因此，教学目标是预期的、在具体情景下学生行为变化的结果，是用“学生学会了什么”的说法来表示的，通常是策略性的，是可观察、可明确界说、可测量、可评价的，而且还有时间、情景等条件限制，是目的的具体化。 *而“目的”一词含义往往与教育者的主观愿望等同，通常指某一社会或国家为实现教育目的，在教学领域给教师提出一种概括性的总体要求，因此它是一种应然状态的理想，一种方向、指针，而且还隐含着有可能无法实现的意思，时间跨度也比较长。 陈坚林则认为Aims指的是笼统而远大的目标，是最终的大目标。Goals是要达到的远期目标，如在一定时期教会学生听、说、读、写四项英语语言技能等。objectives指的是中短期目标，比Aims更为直接和具体。还有学者把Goals和Aims称为大目标，把Objectives称为小目标。 Dubin, F. Olshtain, E. 1986. Course Design. UK:C.U.P. 书中将教育目标称为aim,课程目标称为goal,大纲具体目标称为objective. 学者