专业四级语法复习非谓语动词情态动词从句倒装.pptVIP

专业四级语法复习 非谓语动词 一.概念 动词不定式、动名词和分词 Ⅰ.动词不定式 （一）作定语 1.动词不定式与其修饰的词之间有动宾关系，如果不定式是不及物动词，其后应有合适的介词。 He is a pleasant fellow to work with. There is nothing to worry about. 2.有些名词后常跟不定式作定语。例如：time, reason, chance, right, ability, willingness , need, anxiety, wish, plan 等。 Women should have the right to receive education. There is no time to hesitate. 3. the first, the second, the last, the best 等之后用不定式作定语。 The monitor will be the first to come. He was the last man to blame. (二）作状语 1.作目的状语 He went to Shanghai to visit his parents. I shut the door quietly so as not to wake the baby. 2.作结果状语 She left home never to return again. 3.作原因状语，一般放在句末。 She burst into laughter to see his funny action. The boy was shocked to see the frightening scene. 4.作独立成分 这些词有：to be honest, to begin with, to cut a long story short, to get (back) to the point, not to make much of it, to put it another way, to tell the truth. 如： To tell you the truth, I have never been to Beijing. To be honest, I have never heard of Winston Churchill. Ⅱ.动名词 动名词是动词的一种非限定形式，由动词原形加词尾 ing 构成，同时具有动词和名词特征。 1. 作定语 None is allowed to smoke in the waiting room. 2. 作宾语 （1）介词＋动名词可以作状语用，表示时间，原因、目的、让步、方式 等。 After finishing the job, he went home. He was blamed for having done something wrong. (2)作动词宾语，有些动词要求动名词作宾语，这类词有：admit, advise, avoid, delay, excuse, finish, imagine, mind, postpone, practise, require, resist, risk, suggest, stand等。如： If you practise diving often, you will learn how to do it. Sorry I have delayed answering your letter. Ⅲ.分词 分词包括现在分词和过去分词两种，分词可以在句中作状语和定语。 （一）现在分词与过去分词的区别 现在分词与过去分词的区别主要表现在语态和时间上。在语态上，现在分词（除被动式外）表示主动意思，过去分词表示被动意思。在时间上，现在分词表示动作正在进行，过去分词则表示动作已经完成。 developing countries 发展中国家 developed countries 发达国家 the touching tale 动人的传说 the touched audience 受感动的观众 （二）现在分词的用法，可作定语和状语 1.作定语 （1）现在分词作定语时多置于它所修饰的名词前。 This is a pressing question. He asked an embarrassing question. (2) 现在分词也可置于它所修饰的名词之后。 There were